NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



NETHERLANDS. 



375 



arranged with M. DelcassS a modus vivcndi gov- its claims to the Sahara, withdn-v II i 



erned by the principle embodied in the treaty of tions it had offered to the enn-,t run j () 



1845, according to which each Government is to French railroad to the south \\c-i 



keep its own subjects in restraint in the llinter- organization under French ml" <H iv 



land of Morocco. The Shereefian court recognized the western oases, and agreed to tin 



the accomplished facts, and therefore abandoned mcnt and maintenance of a frontier poll 



h" objec- 

 ti -if the 

 r to (he 

 1 ride- in 



NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



The officers of the academy in 1901 were: Presi- 

 dent, Alexander Agassiz; Vice-President, Asaph 

 Hall; Foreign Secretary, Ira Remsen; Home Sec- 

 retary, Arnold Hague, Metropolitan Club, Wash- 

 ington, D. C.; Treasurer, Charles D. Walcott. 

 Two meetings were held in 1901. 



The first or stated meeting was held in Wash- 

 ington, April 16 to 18. On that occasion the fol- 

 lowing papers were read: The Climatology of the 

 Isthmus of Panama, by Henry L. Abbot; Simul- 

 taneous Volumetric and Electric Graduation "of 

 the Condensation Tube, by Carl Barus; Condi- 

 tions Affecting the Fertility of Sheep and the 

 Sex of their Offspring, by Alexander Graham Bell ; 

 Table of Results of an Experimental Inquiry re- 

 garding the Nutritive Action of Alcohol, prepared 

 by Prof. W. O. Atwater, of Middletown, Conn., 

 presented by John S. Billings; The Significance of 

 the Dissimilar Limbs of the Ornithopodous Dino- 

 saurs, by Theodore Gill; The Use of Formulae in 

 Demonstrating the Relations of the Life History 

 of an Individual to the Evolution of its Group, by 

 Alpheus Hyatt; The New Spectrum, by Samuel 

 P. Langley; The Place of Mind in Nature, and 

 The Foundation of Mind, by John W. Powell; 

 Artificial Parthenogenesis and its Relation to 

 Normal Fertilization, by Edmund B. Wilson; and 

 The Effects of Secular Cooling and Meteoric Dust 

 on the Length of the Terrestrial Day, by Robert 

 S. Woodward. The public business included the 

 award of the Draper medal to Sir William Hug- 

 gins, of London, England, for his researches in 

 astrophysics. 



The following foreign associates were elected 

 at this meeting: A. Bornet, M. Cornu, J. Jannssen, 

 and M. Loewy, of Paris, France; Sir Archibald 

 Geikie, of London, England; and H. Kroniker, of 

 Bonn, and Friedrich Kohlrausch, of Berlin, Ger- 

 many, all of whom have attained unusual promi- 

 nence in their various branches of science. The 

 vacancy caused by the retirement of Dr. Walcott 

 Gibbs from the presidency was filled by the elec- 

 tion of Alexander Agassiz to that office. The 

 latter for some years had been foreign secretary, 

 and Ira Remsen was elected to fill that place, 

 while Arnold Hague, of Washington city, was 

 chosen home secretary. The following additional 

 members of the council w r ere elected: John S. Bil- 

 lings, Henry P. Bowditch, George J. Brush, Ar- 

 nold Hague, Samuel P. Langley, and Simon New- 

 comb. The new members elected at this meeting 

 were: George Ferdinand Becker, who, since 1879, 

 has been connected with the United States Geo- 

 logical Survey; James McKeen Cattell, who fills 

 the chair of Psychology in Columbia University, 

 and is the editor of Science; Eliakim Hastings 

 Moore, head Professor of Mathematics in the 

 University of Chicago since 1890; Edward Leam- 

 ington Nichols, who, since 1887, has held the chair 

 of Physics in Cornell University; and Theophile 

 Mitchell Prudden, Professor of Pathology in Co- 

 lumbia University and director of its histological 

 laboratory. The preparation of a memoir on 

 John G. Barnard was assigned to Henry L. Ab- 

 bot, and one on Henry A. Rowland to Ira Remsen. 



The scientific session was held in the University 

 of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Nov. 12, i:j, and 

 14, 1901, when the following papers were read: 

 The Monatomic Gases, and On the Newer Forms 

 of Incandescent Electric Lamps, by George F. 

 Barker; On Quadrant Electrometry with a Free 

 Light Needle highly charged through a Con- 

 ductor of Ionized Air, and On Nuclear Condensa- 

 tion in the Vapor of Non-Electrolytes like Ben- 

 zene, and on Graded Condensation, by Carl 

 Barus; Note on Linear Force exerted by Growing 

 Crystals, and Note on the Orogenic Theory of 

 Tilted Blocks, by George F. Becker; The Work of 

 the International Association of Academies, by 

 Henry L. Bowditch; On the Pseudo-Catalytic 

 Action of Concentrated Acids, by James M. 

 Crafts; Snake Venom in Relation to Haemolysis, 

 Bacteriolysis, and Toxicity, b,y S. Weir Mitchell 

 and Simon Flexner; A New Gage for the Direct 

 Measurement of Small Pressures, and Transmis- 

 sion of Heat through Vapor of Water at Small 

 Pressures, by Edward W. Morley and Charles F. 

 Brush; Dolichocephaly and Brachycephaly.as the 

 Dominant Factors in Cranial Evolution, Cranial 

 Evolution of Titanotherium II, and Latent or 

 Potential Homology, by Henry F. Osborn; On tb.9 

 Logic of Research into Ancient History, by 

 Charles S. Peirce; On the Use of the Stereographic 

 Projection in making Accurate Maps, with Criti- 

 cism of Some Recent Methods of Map Projection, 

 and The Tendency of Complex Chemical Radicals 

 to control Crystallization because of their Mass 

 Effect; A Study in Isomorphism, by Samuel L. 

 Penfield; On the Nature of the Double Halides, 

 by Ira Remsen ; and Observations on Tungsten, 

 by Edgar F. Smith. Also a Biographical Memoir 

 of Frederick Augustus Genth, by George F. Bar- 

 'ker, and a Biographical Memoir of Gen. John 

 Newton, by Cyrus B. Comstock ; and the following 

 papers by non-members of the academy: A Meth- 

 od of Rearing Marine Larvae, by Caswell Grave, in- 

 troduced by William K. Brooks; and On the Vaso- 

 Motor Supply of the Lungs, by Horatio C. Wood, 

 Jr., introduced by George F. Barker. 



No business of public importance was trans- 

 acted at this session. During the year the acad- 

 emy lost by death Joseph Le Conte, Richmond 

 Mayo-Smith, Henry A. Rowland, and Charles A. 

 Schott, of whom brief biographies are given under 

 OBITUARIES, AMERICAN. 



NEBRASKA. (See under UNITED STATES.) 



NETHERLANDS, a monarchy in western 

 Europe. The legislative authority is vested in 

 the States General, consisting of the First Cham- 

 ber, containing 50 members elected by the provin- 

 cial councils for nine years, and the Second Cham- 

 ber, containing 100 members elected for four years 

 by all citizens who pay direct taxes or are legally 

 qualified for any profession or employment, or 

 who have money in the savings-bank or a salary 

 of 275 guilders a year, or who are owners of boats 

 or occupants of their dwellings. The reigning 

 sovereign is Queen Willemina, born Aug. 31, IScSO, 

 daughter of the late King Willem III and Queen 

 Emma, born a Princess of Waldeck. The Queen 

 succeeded to the throne at the death of her father 



