380 



NETHERLANDS. 



NEW BRUNSWICK. 



total, 60,569,600 pounds, against 150,503,866 

 pounds in 1897. The yield of cinchona was 306,- 

 696 kilograms on 3 Government plantations, 

 3,817,234 kilograms on 83 plantations held on 

 hereditary lease, and 337,824 kilograms on 3 plan- 

 tations owned by the planters. There were 110 

 tobacco plantations in Java, producing 18,418,575 

 kilograms, and in Sumatra and other islands 115, 

 producing 20,527,171 kilograms. The production 

 of tea in Java was 4,757.168 kilograms; of indigo 

 on 146 plantations, 1,094,225 kilograms. The 

 output of tin in the Government mines of Banca 

 and the leased mines of Billiton and Riau was 17,- 

 703 tons; the output of the coal-mines of Java, 

 Sumatra, and Borneo, 162,760 tons; the produc- 

 tion of mineral oil. 311,396,492 liters. The Gov- 

 ernment imports of merchandise in 1898 were 

 6,563.279 guilders in value and of treasure 1,600,- 

 000 guilders, and private imports of merchandise 

 were 160,861,010 guilders and of treasure 10,797,- 

 143 guilders; total imports, 179,821,432 guilders. 

 The Government exports were -13,560,199 guilders 

 of merchandise, and private exports were 202,- 

 996.658 guilders of merchandise and 1,197,240 

 guilders of treasure; total exports, 217,754,097 

 guilders. Of the exports, with the exception of 

 rice, half of which goes to Borneo and China, 

 about 80 per cent, are shipped to Holland. In 

 Dutch Borneo are diamond fields containing gems 

 of purer water than those found in South Africa. 

 The mining company holding the concession made 

 an agreement with the De Beers corporation of 

 Kimberley that it would take out no diamonds 

 for a certain term of years in return for a fixed 

 annual payment of money. In 1901 this agree- 

 ment ran out, and the Dutch company began the 

 working of its diamond fields at Martapura. 



The number of vessels entered and cleared at 

 the ports of the Dutch East Indies during 1898 

 was 4,164, comprising 168 sailing vessels, of 86,730 

 tons and 3,996 steamers, of 1,574,238 tons. 



The length of railroads in operation on Jan. 1, 

 1899, was 1,272 miles, and their receipts for 1898 

 were 15,759,000 guilders. The number of internal 

 letters that passed through the post-office in 1898 

 was 8,672,352; of newspapers, periodicals, cir- 

 culars, and samples, 6,370,780; of foreign letters, 

 1,512,289. The length of telegraph-lines at the 

 end of 1898 was 6,833 miles, and the number of 

 messages sent during the year was 637,389. The 

 three chief cities have been connected by tele- 

 phones since 1896. 



The military policy in Achin was changed in 

 1898 for one more vigorous. While the Dutch 

 acted on the defensive they were exposed to fre- 

 quent surprises on the part of the enemy. Al- 

 though they succeeded in repelling attacks, the 

 subjugation of territory proceeded slowly. When 

 they assumed the aggressive again and adopted 

 the method of exhausting the Achinese rebels by 

 incessant sudden incursions into their territory 

 they made rapid progress in the interior and 

 gained possession of the valley which connects 

 northern Sumatra with the eastern coast, which 

 has been the field of their latest operations. They 

 captured 7 important positions without suffering 

 any loss, the garrisons retiring in every instance 

 on being taken by surprise. Batoeilik, a strong 

 fortress, was the only place that still held out. 

 t was regarded by the natives as impregnable. 

 Early in 1901 a strong expedition was sent into 

 Samalanga which captured Batoeilik by storm 

 with a loss to the Dutch of 6 men killed and 4 

 officers and 36 men wounded, while of the Achi- 

 nese 70 fell. The Dutch followed up their vic- 

 tory, the moral effect of which was apparent 

 in the weakened resistance of the rebels. Early 



in March the Dutch troops stormed Pajaruebec, 

 on the w r est bank of the Pedri, killing 77 Achinese 

 and driving the rest into the river, in which many 

 were drowned, themselves losing 2 killed and 8 

 wounded. The rebellion was practically ended by 

 this success as far as it was organized and con- 

 ducted by the leaders who had long defied the 

 Dutch. In the beginning of August the claimant 

 to the sultanate of Achin was discovered in his 

 hiding-place and wounded in effecting his escape. 



Guiana. Dutch Guiana, or Surinam, is admin- 

 istered by a Governor, assisted by a Council of offi- 

 cial and nominated members and in legislative 

 matters by the colonial States, part elected and 

 part appointed for each session by the Governor. 

 W. Touckens was Governor in 1901. The colony 

 has an area of 46,060 square miles and a popula- 

 tion estimated in 1898 at 66,490, not counting tri- 

 bal Indians and the forest negroes, descended from 

 runaway slaves, numbering about 12,000. Para- 

 maribo, the capital, had 31,200 inhabitants. Among 

 the population of the colony in 1896 were 9,698 

 Hindus and 2,681 Mohammedan East Indians. 

 There w r ere 1,250 Jews. Moravian Brethren form 

 the great majority of the Christian population. 

 The revenue collected in the colony in 1900 was 

 2,296,000 guilders, which was supplemented by a 

 contribution of 128,000 guilders from the Dutch 

 Government to meet the expenditure, amounting 

 to 2,424,000 guilders. The garrison in 1898 was 

 19 officers and 327 men, and the local militia and 

 civic guard number about 90 officers and 2,000 

 men. There are 8 sugar plantations, covering 

 1,704 hectares, w r hich produced 1,217,798 kilograms 

 in 1898. The cacao plantations, numbering 78 

 and having a total area of 13,960 hectares, pro- 

 duced 2,706,338 kilograms. The yield of bananas 

 was 532,096 bunches. Of coffee 389,389 kilograms 

 were produced; of rice, 136,270 kilograms; of 

 corn, 345,342 kilograms; of rum, 1,057,601 liters; 

 of molasses, 1,545,460 liters. There were 351. con- 

 cessions for gold-mining granted up to the end of 

 1898, and in that year 864,990 grams of gold were 

 shipped, value 1,136,606 guilders. The total value 

 of imports in 1898 was 5,703,427 guilders; of ex- 

 ports, 5,211,123 guilders. The number of vessels 

 in the foreign trade entered during 1898 was 273, 

 of 143,938 tons; cleared, 271, of 142,004 tons. 

 Another Dutch colony in America is the island of 

 Curasao (see WEST INDIES). 



NEVADA. (See under UNITED STATES.) 



NEW BRUNSWICK, an eastern province of 

 the Dominion of Canada; area, 28,100 square 

 miles; population in 1901, 331,093. Capital, Fred- 

 ericton. 



Government. The Liberal Government of 

 1901 in this province was a continuation of that 

 formed by the Hon. A. G. Blair on March 3, 

 1882. Upon accepting the post of Minister of 

 Railways and Canals at Ottawa, Mr. Blair was 

 succeeded, on July 17, 1896, by the Hon. James 

 Mitchell, and upon the latter's retirement, on Oct. 

 29, 1897, the Hon. H. R. Emmerson became Prime 

 Minister. On Aug. 31, 1900, Mr. Emmerson retired 

 in order to enter Dominion politics, and was re- 

 placed by the Hon. Lemuel John Tweedie. The 

 Conservative minority in the house was very 

 small. The Government at the opening of 1901 

 stood as follows: Premier and Provincial Secre- 

 tary and Treasurer, L. J. Tweedie; Attorney- 

 General, William Pugsley, K. C. ; Surveyor-Gen- 

 eral, A. T. Dunn; Commissioner of Public Works, 

 C. H. Labillois; Commissioner for Agriculture, 

 L. P. Farris; members without office, S. H. Hill 

 and H. A. McKeown. 



Legislation. The third session of the thirty- 

 first Legislature of New Brunswick was opened 



