OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (ARTHUR BARATIERI.) 



479 



Bath in 1895 he sent his son Nasrullah Khan to 

 England to arrange for a permanent diplomatic 

 representation of Afghanistan by an accredited 

 agent in London, but to this the British Govern- 

 ment would not accede. His eldest son, Habi- 

 bullah Khan, whom he chose to succeed him, he 

 trained in high military commands and in judicial 

 and executive offices and the management of the 

 treasury to continue his iron rule over an undi- 

 vided Afghanistan Uy means of his powerful army 

 equipped with modern weapons. Besides the al- 

 lowance from the Indian Government, Abdurrah- 

 man established monopolies and collected taxes 

 such as no ameer of Cabul had ventured to impose 

 before, and the revenue he spent mainly in im- 

 proving the army, buying munitions, building 

 arsenals, and establishing manufacturing estab- 

 lishments at Cabul, which in turn produce rev- 

 enue. He also sought to make the nation strong 

 by improving the condition of the people and in- 

 troducing civilized arts. He made roads, extended 

 irrigation, promoted agriculture, and encouraged 

 suitable industries. His attention to all details 

 of government was systematic and assiduous 

 despite poor health. He was a man of lofty 

 stature, and in his prime he had enormous 

 strength and vitality. Later he became corpu- 

 lent, and his strength was undermined by chronic 

 disease. His score of well-armed regiments are 

 formidable for the defense of Afghanistan on 

 either frontier. The British, who originally lent 

 him the means to consolidate his power, were 

 under no illusion as to his subservience or that 

 of the Afghans under any ruler to any policy of 

 theirs that did not coincide with the interests 

 and was not based on the independence of Afghan- 

 istan. Habibullah Khan, who succeeded his 

 father without having to encounter the usual op- 

 position, is a man of twenty-eight years, pleasing 

 in person and manners, and has the name of being 

 capable. (See portrait on page 4.) 



Arthur, William, English clergyman, born in 

 Kells, Ireland, Feb. 3, 1819; died in Cannes, 

 France, March 9, 1901. At the age of sixteen he 

 began preaching as a Wesleyan Methodist, and 

 a year later he entered Hoxton Theological Col- 

 lege, near London. At twenty-one he went as a 

 missionary to southern India, returning three 

 years later. His experiences during this period 

 are narrated in his A History of the Mysore 

 (1847). He also published The Successful Mer- 

 chant (1852); The Tongue of Fire (1856); Ad- 

 dresses in New York (1856); Italy in Transition 

 (1860; sixth edition, 1877); The Modern Jove 

 (1873); The Pope, the Kings, and the People 

 (1877); On the Difference between the Physical 

 and the Moral Law (1883) ; Religion without 

 God: Part I, Positivism and Mr. Frederic Harri- 

 son; Part II, Agnosticism and Mr. Herbert Spen- 

 cer (1884); The People's Day (1885); God with- 

 out Religion: Deism and Sir James Stephen 

 (1887). 



Audran, Edmond, a French composer, born in 

 Lyons, April 11, 1842;, died in August, 1901. He 

 was educated at the Ecole Niedermeyer in Lyons 

 and began his professional career as organist of 

 the Church of St. Joseph, at Marseilles. He was 

 a prolific composer of marches, overtures, masses, 

 etc., but his reputation is mainly founded upon 

 the many light operas of which he was the au- 

 thor. He removed to Paris in 1861, and after 

 that date produced an oratorio, La Sulamite 

 (1876), and the following operas and operettas: 

 L'Ours et le Pasha (1862); La Chercheuse d'es- 

 prit (1864); La Nivernoise (1866); Le Petit 

 Poucet (1868); Les Noces d'Olivette (1879); La 

 Mascotte (1881); Les Pommes d'Or (1883); Le 



Grand Mogol (1884); La Donnensc Eveille 

 (1885); Pervenche (lHSf>); Le I'iimdis <le Ma- 

 homet (1887) ; Gillette d'Narbonne ( l.SDOj ; Miss 

 Helyett (1890); La Cijjale; and L;i l'<>u|,,-.,.. Au- 

 dran's music is well known to Kn^lish nnd Amer- 

 ican frequenters of the opera. H, is { hnrou^hly 

 popular in cast and excellent of its kind. A 

 rippling, sparkling gaiety is cha.racteri.-4ic <>! ;ill 

 his operas. 



Baden-Powell, Baden Henry, a British In- 

 dian jurist, born in Oxford in 1841; died there, 

 Jan. 2, 1901. He was the eldest son of an Oxford 



frofessor and a half-brother of Gen. Budcri- 

 'owell of South African fame. He received his 

 education at St. Paul's School, London, entered 

 the Bengal civil service at the age of twenty, and 

 retired in 1889 as chief judge of the Punjab. He 

 gave attention to Indian forestry, and he coop- 

 erated with Dr. Leitner in the establishment of 

 the Oriental University at Lahore. The principal 

 subject of his studies was land tenures in India, 

 and his important works are Land Systems of 

 British India and The Indian Village Community. 



Bagshawe, John Bernard, an English clergy- 

 man, died in Brighton, England, Oct. 30, 1901. 

 He was ordained to the Roman Catholic priest- 

 hood in 1851, and after serving two years as 

 chaplain in the English army during the Crimean 

 War was rector of St. Elizabeth's Church, in 

 Richmond, Surrey, for the forty-four years pre- 

 ceding his death. His more important works in- 

 clude The Threshold of the Catholic Church 

 (1873); The Catechism Illustrated by Passages 

 from Holy Scripture (1879); The Credentials of 

 the Catholic Church (1879); Catholic Sermons 

 (1881) ; and The Treasure of the Church. 



Balaguer, Victor, a Spanish poet, born in 

 1825; died in Madrid, Jan. 14, 1901. He was a 

 native of Catalonia, and endeavored to revive the 

 flower games, the picturesque Limousinian speech, 

 and the spirit of the troubadours. Faith, love, 

 and country furnished the burden of his songs. 

 His collected works make 33 volumes. The 

 drama Don Juan de Serrallonga he wrote in his 

 youth. Under the designation of Tragedies he 

 pictured a series of historical episodes. His His- 

 tory of the Troubadours gained for him a seat 

 in the Historical Academy, and his works in 

 belles-lettres his election to the Spanish Academy. 

 He was an earnest political thinker, who believed 

 in a strong, undivided Spain, to which some of 

 his poems were consecrated, while others cele- 

 brated the special glories of his narrower Cata- 

 lonian land. After the victory of the September 

 revolution of 1868 he was appointed vice-presi- 

 dent of the revolutionary committee in Barce- 

 lona, and henceforth was elected a Deputy many 

 times, mostly by the city of Villanueva y Geltru, 

 to which in gratitude he gave a library and mu- 

 seum, devoting to the foundation the major part 

 of his fortune. He filled many important admin- 

 istrative posts. When Amadeus was king he was 

 several times Minister of Education and Ecclesi- 

 astical Affairs and Colonial Minister in the Cab- 

 inets of the Duke de la Torre and Sagasta. In 

 1889 he was nominated a Senator for life. 



Baratieri, Oreste, an Italian soldier, born in 

 Condino in the Austrian Tyrol, Nov. 13, 1841; 

 died in Sterzing, in the same province, Aug. 8,, 

 1901. When Garibaldi raised the flag of insur- 

 rection in 1859 he joined the thousand at Mar- 

 sala, and made the march into Sicily. In 1866 

 he fought again under Garibaldi in the Tyrol, 

 and then entered the Italian army. In 1887 he 

 went to Eritrea in the San Marzano expedition 

 as colonel of bersaglicri. He officiated as Gov- 

 ernor of Eritrea for a few months in 1891, and 



