OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (CARTE CIIRISTIK.) 



in technical form. Ayes del Alma and Fj'ibulas 

 Morales y Polfticas, both printed in 1842, sus- 

 tained his reputation without revealing new pow- 

 ers. In 1853 he completed the epic poem of Colon, 

 in 16 cantos. He wrote plays also that were 

 seriously conceived but are deficient in dramatic 

 qualities. He applied himself to philosophical 

 questions, and in La Filosofia de las Leyes (1840), 

 El Personalismo (1855), Lo Absolute (18(55), and 

 El Idealismo (1883) he indulged in introspective 

 studies and subjective psychological and emo- 

 tional revelations that suggested to him the 

 genus of poetical reveries that he called doloras, 

 humoradas, and pequenos poemas. 



Carte, Richard d'Oyly, an English operatic 

 manager, born in London in 1844; died there, 

 April 3, 1901. He was the son of a maker of 

 musical instruments. He left London University 

 without completing his course in order to enter 

 his father's business, composed songs and theat- 

 rical pieces, started a concert agency, and about 

 1870 began to devote himself to the development 

 and encouragement of an English school of comic 

 opera, founding the Savoy Theater for the produc- 

 tion of the pieces of Gilbert and Sullivan. When 

 the composer and librettist quarreled he tried the 

 music of Sir A. C. Mackenzie, Ernest Ford, and 

 M. Messager without much success, and when 

 he founded an English opera-house for serious 

 music he met with failure. 



Carter, Thomas Thellusson, an English di- 

 vine, born in Eton in 1808; died in Clewer, Oct. 

 28, 1901. He was educated at Eton, where his 

 father was vice-provost of the college, and at 

 Christ Church, Oxford, graduating in 1830 with 

 a first-class in humane letters, was ordained in 

 1832, and after holding two curacies, and from 

 1837 till 1844 the rectorship of Puddle-Hinton, in 

 Dorsetshire, became rector of Clewer. From his 

 Oxford days he was a zealous controversialist 

 among the Tractarians who reclaimed for the 

 English Church the Catholic character it lost at 

 the Reformation and sought to restore the teach- 

 ings and practises of the Fathers of the Church. 

 From 1860 till 1899 he published a continuous 

 series of works dealing with sacramental teach- 

 ing, sisterhoods and their devotions, night offices, 

 and the lives of Anglican devotees. He was one 

 of the leaders of the ritualists in the controversy 

 with the bishops and the subsequent litigation. 

 With Lord Halifax he proposed in 1877 a con- 

 cordat with the bishops which they regarded as a 

 demand for their surrender. In 1880 Canon Carter 

 was charged by one of his parishioners with ille- 

 gal ritualistic practises, first before the Bishop of 

 Oxford, Dr. Mackarness, who for the peace of the 

 parish refused to grant a commission under the 

 church discipline act; then the accuser, Dr. Ju- 

 lius, applied to the courts for a mandamus, which 

 was issued in spite of the objections of the bish- 

 op, but the right of the bishop to forbid the 

 prosecution was sustained on appeal, and the 

 House of Lords confirmed it, a decision which 

 stopped the prosecution of ritualists in the courts. 

 Dr. Carter, however, thought it best to resign his 

 benefice, retaining the wardenship of the House 

 of Mercy at Clewer. 



Gates, Arthur, an English architect, born in 

 London, April 29, 1829; died there, May 15, 1901. 

 He was educated at King's College School, Lon- 

 don, and became an associate of the Royal In- 

 stitute of British Architects in 1856 and a fellow 

 in 1874. In 1870 he was made architect to the 

 Land Revenues of the Crown, and, beside being 

 surveyor to the Honorable Society of the Inner 

 Temple, he held other appointments. He was 

 honorary secretary to the Architectural Publi- 



cation Society, whidh issued Ihe J)i< -i i<mary of 

 Architecture, and he founded Mie Ari.imr Cutes 

 prizes for students admitted to the final exam- 

 ination. 



Cazin, Jean Charles, a French painter, l,,,, tl 

 in Samer, Pas-de-Calais, in 1841; died Msin-li ii'i, 

 1901. He was the son of a phy,-,iei;;n oi i; , ;' 

 logne, and began his artistic work as a dee. 

 of pottery. He studied painting with Lcco] de 

 Boisbaudran, became Professor of Drawing in tin- 

 special school of architecture founded by Kinile 

 Trelat in 1865, and director in 1869 of the line- 

 art school in Tours. When the war was over in 

 1871 he went to London as Professor of Drawing 

 at South Kensington. He sent to the Salon from 

 London his Chantier, which was followed after 

 his return to Paris in 1876 by La Fuite en Egypte, 

 the Voyage de Tobie, and Le Depart, three works 

 that by refined simplicity of composition and dec- 

 orative beauty made a sensation. In the Salon 

 of 1880 his Agar et Ismael won the first medal 

 and was purchased by the state for the Luxem- 

 bourg. His Judith sortant de Bethulie, exhibited 

 in 1883, was criticized by many, but found more 

 admirers when it was hung in the French cen- 

 tennial exposition. After that Cazin devoted him- 

 self to landscape, and his latest compositions 

 show in their hasty execution the pressure of 

 orders. His best works show an original and 

 sincere master, a natural colorist of refined and 

 cultivated mind. 



Chisholm, Henry William, an English statis- 

 tician, born in London, July 29, 1809; died there, 

 Jan. 16, 1901. He was the son of a Government 

 clerk, was educated for the civil service, and en- 

 tered the Exchequer in 1824, became assistant and 

 in 1842 successor to Beaumont Smith, chief of the 

 bill department, who forged exchequer bills to 

 the amount of 400,000. In 1859, on completing 

 a statistical paper on the origin and progress of 

 the national debt of Great Britain, he set to work 

 on a great account of the national income and 

 expenditure since 1688, which was completed in 

 1869, and after his retirement was continued 

 down to the present time. He was chief clerk 

 of the Exchequer when the old office of the Ex- 

 chequer was abolished in 1865, and after the 

 standards act was passed in 1867 was made 

 warden of the standards, an office created for him 

 and abolished when he retired in 1877. On his 

 recommendation the trial of the pyx was contin- 

 ued. He was British delegate to the International 

 Metric Commission in Paris in 1870 and 1872, 

 and the diplomatic conference of 1875. He pub- 

 lished a book on Weighing and Measuring. 



Christie, Richard Copley, an English scholar, 

 born in Lenton, England, July 22, 1830; died in 

 Ribsden, Jan. 9, 1901. He took his degree at 

 Oxford, and, settling in Manchester, engaged in 

 educational work and held the chairs of History, 

 Political Economy, and Jurisprudence in the new- 

 ly established Owens College, in 1854-'69. He had 

 been called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn, and in 

 addition to his college duties he practised his- 

 profession in 1857-77. From 1872 to 1894 he was 

 chancellor of the diocese of Manchester. After 

 his retirement from his profession in 1877 he gave 

 a large part of his time to bibliographical re- 

 searches, editing important bibliographical works 

 and contributing to reviews and to the Dictionary 

 of National Biography. The careful sketch of 

 Mark Pattison in that publication is" by him. 

 In 1880 he published E"tienne Dolet, the Martyr 

 of the Renaissance (revised ed., 1899). He was 

 a constant benefactor to Owens College, the beau- 

 tiful Christie Library, designed by Waterhouse 

 and completed in 1898, being his gift. His library, 



