486 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (CHRYSANDEE CRISPI.) 



containing 75,000 volumes, rich in Aldines, edi- 

 tions of Horace, and specimens of Renaissance 

 literature, was bequeathed to the college. 



Chrysander, Franz Karl Friedrich, a Ger- 

 man musical scholar, born in Liibtheen, Mecklen- 

 burg, July 8, 1826; died in Bergedorf, Sept. 3, 

 1901. He was educated at the University of 

 Rostock, and after a residence of some years in 

 England returned to Germany and made his home 

 in Bergedorf. He was the chief Handelian scholar 

 of his time, and will be longest remembered for 

 his biography of Handel, the first volume of which 

 was issued in 1858, the second in 1860, and the 

 first part of the third in 1867. Chrysander edited 

 all the works of Handel for the Handel Gesell- 

 schaft, and editions of Bach's clavier works, and 

 of several of Carrissimi's oratorios. He also pub- 

 lished Uber die Moll-Tonart in Volksgesangen 

 und Uber das Oratorium (1853). 



Commerell, Sir John Edmund, an English 

 naval officer, born in Horsham, Jan. 13, 1829; 

 died in London, May 21, 1901. Entering the 

 navy at the age of thirteen, he served in China. 

 He attained a lieutenancy in 1848, commanded a 

 gunboat in the Crimean War, and won the Vic- 

 toria Cross for landing with two seamen on the 

 shore of the Sea of Azof and destroying a great 

 store of grain. In 1859 he commanded a vessel 

 in the China seas and distinguished himself in 

 a brave and unsuccessful land attack on the Taku 

 forts, for which he was made a captain. In com- 

 mand of the Terrible, he assisted in laying the 

 Atlantic cable in 1866, and was selected in 1869 

 to try the turret-ship Monarch. In 1871 he was 

 commodore and commander-in-chief on the west 

 coast of Africa, which he had to leave in 1873, 

 having received a dangerous bullet wound while 

 reconnoitering the position of the Ashantis on the 

 Prah river. In 1877 he was second in command 

 in the Mediterranean, with the rank of rear- 

 admiral. As vice-admiral he commanded on the 

 North American and West Indian station from 

 1882 till 1885, then returned to England and sat 

 in Parliament for Southampton and endeavored 

 to impress on the public and legislators the needs 

 of the navy. He resigned his seat in 1888 on 

 being appointed commander-in-chief at Ports- 

 mouth, having been made admiral in 1886. After 

 the death of Sir Provo Wallis, in 1892, he was, 

 at the Queen's desire, promoted over the heads 

 of one or more senior admirals to be Admiral of 

 the Fleet, and in 1899 he was retired. 



Coronini, Count Franz, an Austrian politician, 

 born in Goritz in 1833; died there in August, 

 1901. His father, Gen. Coronini, was the pre- 

 ceptor of Franz Josef, and he himself and Count 

 Taaffe were youthful companions of the future 

 Emperor. Entering the army, he served in the 

 campaigns of 1859 and 1866, and retired in 1867 

 with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. The electors 

 of his native place then sent him to the provin- 

 cial diet and next to the Austrian Reichsrath, 

 where he sat with the Constitutional party, but 

 showed extremely moderate tendencies and lean- 

 ings toward the Government, and even toward 

 clericalism. In 1878 he broke away from the 

 Germans when they opposed the expedition to 

 Bosnia and Herzegovina. When Count Taaffe 

 succeeded in 1879 in inducing the Czechs to re- 

 enter the Reichstag, Count Coronini was elected 

 president, and retained the office until the at- 

 tacks of the German Liberal press drove him in 

 1881 to give up his place to Herr Smolka. Hav- 

 ing been reelected a Deputy, he attempted to 

 form a Left Center group which should act with 

 the Constitutional majority. The Coronini Club 

 was composed mainly of Italian members from 



the coast land, and till it broke up, in 1895, it 

 held the balance between Conservative principles 

 and Constitutional ideas, and often had a decisive 

 influence. When Count Coronini, in the debate 

 that brought about the fall of the Windischgratz 

 ministry, supported the Slovenes in their demand 

 for a gymnasium, his Italian followers deserted 

 him and voted with the Germans. 



Creighton, Mandell, an English historian, 

 bom in Carlisle, England, July 5, 1843; died in 

 Fulham, England, Jan. 14, 1901. He was edu- 

 cated at Oxford, and was a fellow and tutor 

 there in 1867-75. After being ordained priest in 

 the Church of England in 1875, he was vicar of 

 Embleton, Northumberland, 1875-'84, and for the 

 last seven years of this period was also rural 

 Dean of Alnwick. From 1885 to 1891 he was 

 canon residentiary of Worcester cathedral, hold- 

 ing the post of Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical 

 History at Cambridge University for the same 

 time. He was also Hulsean lecturer at that uni- 

 versity in 1893 and Rede lecturer in 1895. At 

 Oxford he was select preacher to the university 

 for eight years, and was Romanes lecturer in 

 1896. As a fellowship at Emmanuel College was 

 attached to his professorship at Cambridge, he 

 represented that college at the two hundred and 

 fiftieth anniversary of Harvard University in 

 1886. In 1896 he represented the English Church 

 at the coronation of the Emperor of Russia. In 

 1891 he was consecrated Bishop of Peterborough, 

 and on Nov. 1, 1896, was translated to the see 

 of London. At the moment of his promotion to 

 this see, some of the clergy within the diocese 

 had become conspicuous for their extravagances 

 of ritual, but Bishop Creighton, through the 

 exercise of moderation and firmness, was present- 

 ly able to restore order. He held that the Church 

 rested on an appeal to sound learning, and, while 

 willing to allow all reasonable latitude, he in- 

 sisted upon " a recognizable type " of service, and 

 that no doctrine should be taught exhibiting a 

 tendency toward either Roman Catholicism or 

 medievalism, or in any way contrary to the dis- 

 tinguishing features of the English Church. As 

 a writer, Bishop Creighton will be longest remem- 

 bered by his History of the Papacy, the literary 

 charm of which is very marked. It exhibits per- 

 fect comprehension of the subject, completeness 

 of detail, and a clear style. It is not lacking in 

 touches of humor, or passages of even brilliant 

 narration, but accuracy is never sacrificed to pic- 

 turesque effect. The bishop was a man of wide 

 culture, but, like many another brilliant scholar; 

 sometimes displayed traces of intellectual intol- 

 erance, and the playful humor that he did not 

 always repress perplexed extremely literal per- 

 sons. His published writings include A Primer 

 of Roman History (1875); The Age of Elizabeth 

 (1876); The Life of Simon de Montfort (1876); 

 The Tudors and the Reformation (1877) ; A His- 

 tory of the Papacy during the Period of the 

 Reformation (1882-'94); Cardinal Wolsey (1888) ; 

 Carlisle, in the Historic Towns series (1889) ; Per- - 

 secution and Tolerance (1895); The Early Re- 

 naissance in England (1895); Queen Elizabeth 

 (1896); The English National Character (1896); 

 The Heritage of the Spirit, and Other Sermons 

 (1896); Church and State (1897); The Story of 

 some English Shires, a work of much importance 

 (1897); Lessons from the Cross (1898). 



Crispi, Francesco, an Italian statesman, born 

 in Ribera, Sicily, Oct. 4, 1819; died in Naples, 

 Aug. 11, 1901. His family, of Albanian and Greek 

 descent, had formerly been prominent in the land- 

 holding aristocracy of Sicily. His father was an 

 advocate and mayor of Ribera. His uncle, a 



