OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (KEY LEWIS.) 



497 



gent of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. The death in 

 1900 as the result of a carriage accident of Prince 

 Bernhard Heinrich, the late hereditary grand 

 duke's younger son, left the elder son, Prince 

 Wilhelm Ernst, born June 10, 1870, as his grand- 

 father's only direct male descendant, who was 

 still unmarried when he succeeded him as grand 

 duke. When Karl Alexander succeeded his 

 father on July 8, 1853, he swore to observe the 

 revised Constitution of Oct. 15, 1850. With the 

 assistance of his Minister Watzdorf he saved his 

 principality from casting its lot with Austria in 

 1866, and in 1870 and 1871 he shared the perils 

 and hardships of the campaign of the German 

 army in France. When the deliberations over 

 the Constitution of the German Empire came to a 

 deadlock in the Federal Council and the German 

 Parliament, he telegraphed on Dec. 7, 1870, to the 

 Weimar delegation in the Federal Council to for- 

 mulate the measure that solved the question of 

 the imperial prerogative in the constitutional 

 manner laid down in the resolutions of the North 

 German Federal Council and the Reichstag. The 

 Empress Augusta was his sister, and Bismarck 

 was his lifelong friend. In his own principality 

 he promoted communal self-government, the for- 

 mation of agricultural associations, the extinc- 

 tion of feudal privileges, the construction of a 

 complete railroad network, and the establishment 

 of institutions for the general good, especially the 

 people's schools, for which considerable sums were 

 found in spite of a strict and even parsimonious 

 economy in the state finances, pursued for the 

 purpose of paying off old debts. The system of 

 popular education introduced in 1874 was in its 

 principal features adopted by other German 

 states. The grand duke took a direct interest 

 in the higher schools and in the development of 

 art industry. He cultivated his inherited artistic 

 taste, and from his youth aided and encouraged 

 the patriotic and romantic movement in German 

 art, learning, and literature the music of Wag- 

 ner and of Liszt, who was chapel-master of the 

 Weimar court theater; the paintings of Schwind 

 and Bb'cklin, the literary creations of Hoffmann 

 von Fallersleben, Theodor Storm, and Franz Din- 

 gelstedt. The restoration of the Wartburg was 

 the work of his youth, the foundation of the 

 Weimar art school and museum the plan of later 

 years. 



Key, Bransby Lewis, an English colonial 



? relate, born in 1838; died in London, Jan. 12, 

 901. He was ordained in 1864, and at once be- 

 gan his labors in the missionary field, having been 

 assigned to the Transkei district in South Africa, 

 After nineteen years spent in this work, he was 

 in 1883 consecrated bishop coadjutor to the bishop 

 of St. John's, Kaffraria. He succeeded to the 

 bishopric in 1886. his jurisdiction extending over 

 the districts of Transkei, Tembuland, Griqualand 

 East, and Pondoland. 



Koenig-, Rudolf, a German physicist and 

 acoustician; born in Konigsberg in 1833; died in 

 Paris, Oct. 2, 1901. In 1860 he was established 

 in Paris as a constructor of acoustical instru- 

 ments, and here he did his life work. The phono- 

 graph or phonautograph of M. Scott de Martin- 

 ville, for recording the vibrations of tones and 

 words, was brought to Koenig for completion. 

 The idea of using these records for audibly re- 

 producing the words, as was done nearly twenty 

 years afterward by Edison and others, seems 

 never to have occurred to Koenig. He constructed 

 a series of standard tuning-forks, improved the 

 construction of the Seebeck siren, invented the 

 manometric flame, repeated the famous experi- 

 ments of Philipp Reis with his primitive tele- 

 VOL. XLI. 32 A 



Cme, and revised a new stethoscope.-. In 1802 he 

 an the publication of his experimental re- 

 searches in acoustics, which hiMed nearly forty 

 years. In 1870 he exhibited hi.-, instruments at 

 the Centennial Exposition in I'liihuN-Jphia. 

 Among them was a tonometer con<i.-tm;j <,i (570 

 tuning-forks. In 1882 he reconstructed a.nd en- 

 larged this, extending the lower forks down to a 

 vibrative frequency of only 10, arid the upper 

 ones beyond the superior limits of audition. ''1 lie 

 fact that Koenig was a practical acoustician and 

 earned his livelihood in his shop prevented the 

 general recognition of his great talents as an 

 original investigator. The only official recognition 

 his work ever did receive came from the Physical 

 Society of London, which made him an honorary 

 fellow in February, 1901. In 1882, under the title 

 Quelques Experiences d'accoustique, he published 

 a volume describing his acoustical researches. A 

 paper published in Poggendorff's Annalen, in 

 1876, on the phenomena produced by the inter- 

 ference of two tones, is one of the classics of 

 science, and is perhaps his most important con- 

 tribution to pure science. 



Kruger, Susanna Du Plessis, wife of the 

 President of the South African Republic, died in 

 Pretoria, July 20, 1901. She was the second wife 

 of Paul Kruger, the niece of his first wife. Her 

 family, which was the same as that of Armand 

 du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu, has numerous 

 branches in South Africa. She was married at 

 the age of sixteen, and bore her husband 16 chil- 

 dren, of whom 10 were living at the time of her 

 death. Tante Sanna, as she was universally 

 called, was known throughout South Africa, al- 

 though she concerned herself about neither poli- 

 tics nor society, and kept up the simple habits of 

 a frugal and laborious farmer's wife after her 

 husband had become a wealthy man and Presi- 

 dent of the republic, attending to the washing 

 and other housework in black gown and sunbon- 

 net, with sleeves rolled up. She drove sharp bar- 

 gains in selling the tobacco grown on their estate 

 in the Magaliesberg. She knit all her husband's 

 stockings and made his coats after the pattern 

 of one that a tailor cut for him after the battle 

 of Majuba Hill. When a visitor found the pair 

 sitting on the veranda the President presented 

 him to Mevrouw Kruger, who immediately arose 

 and with a courtesy retired into the house, where 

 she could be heard chiding the Kaffir servants. 

 Cooking, mending, and making coffee were her 

 daily occupations. She was a woman of great 

 kindness of heart, and while Kruger was very- 

 stingy she often gave in secret out of her nig- 

 gardly allowance for household expenses. Who- 

 ever came to the house at any hour of the day 

 was served with coffee. When Kruger had de- 

 parted for Europe and the British occupied Pre- 

 toria, Lord Roberts placed a guard in front of 

 the house to protect her from annoyance, and she 

 prepared coffee daily for the sentries and made 

 them cakes. 



Lewis, John Travers, a Canadian prelate, 

 born in Cork, Ireland, in 1825; died at sea, May 

 6, 1901. His father was an Anglican clergyman. 

 The son was graduated with high honors at Trin- 

 ity College, Dublin, in 1848, took orders, and in 

 1850 went to Canada, where his mother was liv- 

 ing; was a missionary at West Hawkesbury till 

 1854, then rector of Brockville. In 1862 he was 

 consecrated at Kingston as the first Bishop of 

 Ontario. In 1893, a synod held in Toronto having 

 resolved that the Canadian Church should be di- 

 vided into two provinces, Dr. Lewis was made 

 Archbishop of Ontario and Metropolitan of Can- 

 ada, while to Bishop Machray were given the 



