OBITUAiUES, FOREIGN. (NTSSENS ORMEEOD.) 



503 



of the Old World, Cape Chelyuskin, in the follow- 

 ing August, and approached within 100 miles of 

 Bering strait, where she was frozen in the ice in 

 September, and forced to winter in the arctic. 

 The voyage was successfully continued during the 

 following summer, and on Sept. 2, 1879, Nor- 

 denskiold dropped anchor at Yokohama, and an- 

 nounced to the world that the dream of hundreds 

 of daring explorers during three centuries was 

 an accomplished fact. Nordenskiold's last expe- 

 dition was that to Greenland in 1883. During his 

 later years he devoted much attention to the early 

 history of cartography and published two large 

 works on the subject. 



Nyssens, Albert, a Belgian statesman, 'born 

 in Ypern, June 20, 1855; died in Brussels, Aug. 

 21, 1901. He studied law in Ghent, Paris, and 

 Bologna, and made a reputation by his works on 

 jurisprudence. In 1881 he founded an association 

 for proportional electoral representation. He was 

 appointed Professor of Commercial and Fiscal 

 Law at the University of Louvain in the same 

 year. In 1892 the town sent him to the Chamber, 

 where he had an important share in revising the 

 state Constitution. When the parties could not 

 agree in 1893 on the electoral law, and the work- 

 ing men went on a general strike as a demonstra- 

 tion in favor of universal suffrage, he proposed 

 his own system of proportional representation, 

 and it was adopted as a compromise by an al- 

 most unanimous vote. People nicknamed him 

 Father Plural after that because- it introduced 

 plural voting for heads of families and men of 

 education or of property. From May 23, 1897, 

 till Jan. 24, 1899, he was Minister of Commerce 

 and Labor. He proposed a law for the protection 

 of working men modeled on the German act, which 

 was defeated by the Clericals, driving him from 

 office. He returned to his chair in the univer- 

 sity and continued in speech and writing to in- 

 fluence public opinion on burning political ques- 

 tions, being a Liberal of the school of Beernaert, 

 although he had held office in a Clerical Cabinet. 

 His death was the act of his own hand. 



Oliver, Edward Emmerson, an English civil 

 engineer, born in 1843; died in Boscombe, Hamp- 

 shire, Nov. 24, 1901. He entered the East Indian 

 public works department in 1868, becoming as- 

 sistant secretary to the Punjab Government . in 

 that department in 1883, and was later trans- 

 ferred to a similar post in the Central Provinces, 

 soon becoming chief secretary, and retiring in 

 1899. He wrote Reh Swamp and Drainage; The 

 Decline of the Samanis and the Rise of the Ghaz- 

 naris; Coal and Iron in the Punjab; The Chaga- 

 tai Mughals ; The Safaris in Persia ; Coins of Akh- 

 bar in Karegra; Coins of the Mohammedan Kings 

 of Gujrat; Across the Border, or Pathan and 

 Baluch (1890). 



Orleans, Prince Henry of, born in Ham, Eng- 

 land, Oct. 6, 1867; died in Saigon, Indo-China, 

 Aug. 9, 1901. He was the elder son of the Due 

 de Chartres, the second son of the Count of Paris, 

 son and heir of Louis Philippe, King of the 

 French. In July, 1883, he started out with Ga- 

 briel Bonvalot, the explorer, and journeyed 

 through Siberia and Tibet to Tonquin, earning 

 the medal of the French Geographical Society. 

 He was about to enter the military college of 

 St. Cyr, when he was excluded by the law of 

 1886 against pretenders. In September, 1887, he 

 went to India, joined the Duke of Orleans, his 

 uncle, in a tiger hunt in Nepal, and visited Bom- 

 bay, Agra, Delhi, Lahore, Afghanistan, Calcutta, 

 Madras, Ceylon, and subsequently Japan. In 

 1891 he went to Abyssinia, making the first map 

 of Harrar; then visited China, and made explo- 



t, bringing 



d in Paris. 



. arid 



v. here lie 

 xplor- 

 ii" its 



rations in Tonquin, Laos, and ^\-,\ 

 back collections which were 

 In 1894 he made a journey to Mad; 

 afterward proceeded to Saigon, from 

 made excursions into Yunnan and Tibet, 

 ing the upper Irrawaddy and di 

 source, not returning to Franco till l-'e 

 1896. In 1897 he revisited Abyssinia, 

 his return the Count of Turin went 1o 

 to demand satisfaction in the name of the 

 army, officers of which who were in captivity in 

 Abyssinia Prince Henry had disparaged. The 

 two princes fought a duel, in which both wen- 

 wounded. He revisited Abyssinia again in 1898. 

 His visits to that country had political aims. 

 He cooperated with the Russian Leontieff, with 

 whom he had a difference later, and he quar- 

 reled with M. Bonvalot because the latter, hold- 

 ing official relations with the French Government, 

 would not join him in an attempt to push for- 

 ward to the Nile to meet the Marchand expedi- 

 tion from the Congo. Prince Henry in all the 

 recent phases of Anglo-French colonial disputes 

 and rivalry was one of the most ardent and ex- 

 treme defenders of French claims, and by his 

 active participation in forwarding French preten- 

 sions and his zeal in advocating them and in point- 

 ing out objects of colonial ambition and the 

 means of attaining them in communications to 

 the press, illumined by knowledge he had gained 

 on the spot as an explorer, he gave more offense 

 than any other writer or politician to the Eng- 

 lish, who accused him of ingratitude toward the 

 country that had extended hospitality to his 

 family in its exile. In the Siamese troubles and 

 the discussion over a buffer state between Burma 

 and Indo-China his elucidations were most intel- 

 ligent. The French Government entrusted him with 

 no missions and treated his activity with studied 

 indifference, because his political ambition w r as 

 apparent, but rewarded his services with the 

 cross of the Legion of Honor. He declared his 

 acceptance of the republic if the French people 

 in the exercise of their sovereign right chose defi- 

 nitely that form of government. The renown and 

 popularity that he won as a patriotic explorer 

 placed him in the position of a rival to his cousin, 

 the Duke of Orleans, in whom the Legitimist and 

 Orleanist claims are now united. Prince Henry 

 did not aim to be King, but could not conceal 

 his hopes of advancing to greatness through a 

 popular movement, perhaps of becoming a plebis- 

 citary President. His relations with the Nation- 

 alists and his conduct throughout the Dreyfus 

 affair betrayed his ambition, however adroitly 

 he sought to conceal it, and so did his manifesta- 

 tions of sympathy with the Boers in their war 

 with England. When the troubles in China oc- 

 curred he begged President Loubet to allow him 

 to accompany the French expedition in a civil 

 capacity since as a member of a dynastic family 

 he was precluded from serving in the army or 

 navy. His request was not granted. In March, 

 1901, he went to Anam, and in journeying in the 

 interior was seized with a tropical malady to 

 which he eventually succumbed. He published 

 an account of his great journey through Tibet 

 under the title De Paris au Tonkin a travers le 

 Tibet inconnu. 



Ormerod, Eleanor A., an English entomolo- 

 gist, born in Gloucestershire, May 11, 1828; died 

 in St. Albans, July 19, 1901. She was the daugh- 

 ter of a genealogist and country gentleman. 

 From childhood she had a passion for observing 

 insect life, and when her father grew old and 

 left to her the care of his land she acquired a 

 practical knowledge of agriculture. She took up 



