OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (STRACHEY STUMM.) 



509 



versity of Heidelberg, took part in the Assembly 

 of Notables which met at Tirnova in 1879 to 

 frame the constitution of the new state, and has 

 been from that epoch one of the chiefs of the Con- 

 servative party of Bulgaria. He was one of the 

 delegates who offered the Crown to Prince Alex- 

 ander at Livadia. He has been by turns Prime 

 Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs and of Wor- 

 ship, Minister of Justice, and Minister of the In- 

 terior. He was a man of European culture, a 

 fine orator, and a statesman of clear views, but as 

 executive head of the Government after the fall 

 of Stamboloff he had not the energy to restrain 

 the wild passions of his countrymen, w r hose nature 

 he did not comprehend and to whom he appeared 

 as an alien spirit. The murderers of Stamboloff 

 carried out their plans with the active and pas- 

 sive connivance of officials, and the Macedonian 

 committee became so powerful and so lawless as 

 to endanger the public security. The worst epi- 

 sodes in the history of Bulgaria occurred in the 

 administration of a minister who had the least 

 sympathy with such excesses and no interest in 

 suffering them to take place. The reconciliation 

 with Russia occurred also in Stoiloff's adminis- 

 tration. 



Strachey, Sir Edward, an English author, 

 born Aug. 12, 1812 ; died Sept. 24, 1900. He was 

 third baronet in the succession, attaining this 

 rank in 1858, and was educated at Haileybury 

 and Eton colleges. He was high sheriff of Som- 

 ersetshire in 1864, and resided at Sutton Court, 

 Pensford, near Bristol. He edited Malory's 

 Morte d' Arthur (1871); and was the author of 

 Theology, History, and Politics; Jewish History 

 and Politics; Miracles and Science; Essay on 

 Hamlet; Talk at a Country House; and a collec- 

 tion of essays (1894). 



Stubbs, William, an English historian, born 

 in Knaresborough, Yorkshire, June 21, 1825; died 

 in Cuddesdon, Oxfordshire, April 22, 1901. He 

 was the son of a solicitor and received his educa- 

 tion at Oxford. He took orders in 1848, and held 

 a fellowship in Trinity College in 1848-'50. From 

 1850 to 1866 he was vicar of Navestock in Essex, 

 and for the last six years of this period held the 

 office of diocesan inspector of schools for the dio- 

 cese of Rochester. He was librarian to the Arch- 

 bishop of Canterbury at Lambeth in 1862-'68, and 

 Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford in 

 1866-'84. In 1879 he was appointed residentiary 

 canon of St. Paul's Cathedral, resigning the liv- 

 ing of Cholderton, Wiltshire, where he had been 

 rector from 1875. In 1884 he was consecrated 

 Bishop of Chester, whence he was translated to 

 the diocese of Oxford in 1889. His latest public 

 appearance was at St. George's Chapel, Windsor, 

 the day after the funeral of Queen Victoria, on 

 which occasion he delivered the sermon. Long 

 before his death he had come to be considered as 

 the world's greatest medieval historian. His 

 Constitutional History is indispensable to any one 

 desirous of obtaining a sound knowledge of Eng- 

 lish history down to the time of the Tudors, but 

 it must be admitted that it furnishes rather dry 

 reading when compared with the work of his fel- 

 low historians Freeman and Green. The spirit in 

 which all three men wrote, however, was the 

 same, and was in marked contrast to that which 

 inspired the historical writing of their brilliant 

 contemporary Froude. Bishop Stubbs's publica- 

 tions, original and edited, comprise Hymnale 

 Secundum Usum Sarum (1850); Registrum Sa- 

 crum Anglicanum (1858-'97) ; Tractatus de Sancta 

 Cruce de Wal,tham (1860); Mosheim's Institutes 

 of Church History (edited) (1863); Chronicles of 

 the Reigns of Henry II and Richard I (edited) 



(1867); Select Charters (edited); The Historical 

 Collections of Walter of Coventry d'ditcd) < 1H72- 

 '73); The Constitutional lli-lmv ot Kn^hmd in 

 its Origin and Development (Is7l 7sj ; Mf-mo- 

 rials of St. Dunstan (edited) (ISTlj: The His- 

 torical Works of Master Ralph de Dieei.o 'edited) 

 (1876); The Early Plaritagcnets (Is7<ij : The His- 

 torical Works of Gervase of Canteiburv /edited) 

 (1879-'80); Chronicles of the Reigns of Kdwanl I 

 and Edward II (edited) (1882-'83) : and Seven- 

 teen Lectures on the Study of Medieval a mi 

 Modern History (1886). 



Stumm, Baron Karl Ferdinand von, a Ger- 

 man industrialist, born in Saarbriicken, March 

 30, 1836; died at Castle Halberg, near that town, 

 March 9, 1901. He studied in Bonn and Berlin, 

 and in 1858 succeeded as head of the family firm 

 which for over half a century had owned the 

 iron-works at Neunkirchen. Under his manage- 

 ment they became one of the greatest metallur- 

 gical establishments in the world, and he became 

 also president of the Dillinger Furnace Company. 

 In the French war he served as a captain of cav- 

 alry. He was always active in politics and was 

 one of the founders of the German Imperial party. 

 He sat in the Prussian Chamber from 1867 till 

 1870, and then in the Reichstag till 1881, and 

 again from 1889 till the end of his life. He not 

 only made his workshops models of technical 

 progress and business methods, but he exercised 

 a patriarchal sway over his 10,000 workmen in 

 all the details of their lives, even in regard to 

 their marrying, and if any of them read social- 

 istic literature he was dismissed. Their mutual 

 benefit associations were conducted under his per- 

 sonal supervision. He furnished them with model 

 dwellings, gardens, baths, dining-halls, hospitals, 

 technical schools, and a library. If any of them 

 felt aggrieved about anything he wanted them 

 to come directly to him. By such paternal care 

 and discipline he was always able to keep social- 

 ists away and had no difficulty in always getting 

 the votes of his work people. He regarded social- 

 ism as a baneful doctrine that threatened to de- 

 stroy the state and disrupt society, and the so- 

 cialists of the chair were even more obnoxious to 

 him than the Social Democrats. Any interference 

 of the Government in the labor question, any 

 regulation diminishing the authority of the em- 

 ployer, seemed to him to unsettle at the founda- 

 tions of society and disturb the conditions of indus- 

 trial development and social progress. The Social 

 Democrats regarded the " King of the Saarland " 

 as their arch-enemy, and bitter controversies took 

 place between him and the Socialist leaders in 

 the Reichstag. He was nevertheless one of the 

 authors and chief promoters of the measure for 

 accident and old age insurance and advocated the 

 principle that the Government should provide for 

 the widows and orphans of working men. He en- 

 deavored to secure the reenactment of the excep- 

 tional laws against the socialists and proposed 

 the dismissal of all professors in German uni- 

 versities whose doctrines were tinged with social- 

 ism. An intimacy subsisted between him and 

 Wilhelm II from the time when the young Kaiser 

 renounced the socialistic leanings which he mani- 

 fested for a time and turned about in the oppo- 

 site direction. During the Stumm era, as it was 

 called, when the Baron von Berlepsch was com- 

 pelled to resign the post of Prussian Minister of 

 Commerce and Industry and the Kaiser contem- 

 plated repressive measures against socialism, the 

 supposed political influence which Baron von 

 Stumm was supposed to exercise over the Em- 

 peror gave occasion for questions to the ministers 

 which did not come from the Social Democrats 



