580 



ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. 



6,600,000 Mohammedans, and 6,500,000 Jews; in 

 all America, 126,400,000 Christians, while the num- 

 bers of Jews and heathen are not estimated; in 

 Asia, 12,600,000 Christians, 100,500,000 Moham- 

 medans, 200,000 Jews, and 667,800,000 pagans; in 

 Africa, 4,400,000 Christians, 36,000,000 Moslems, 

 400,000 Jews, and 91,000,000 heathen; in Oceanica, 

 9,700,000 Christians, 24,700,000 Moslems, and 

 4,400,000 heathen. 



Of Catholic, Protestant, and Greek Christians, 

 the estimates are: In Great Britain, 5,400,000 

 Catholics and 37,700.000 Protestants; in France, 

 37,700,000 Catholics and 700,000 Protestants; in 

 Germany, 18,600.000 Catholics and 32,700,000 Prot- 

 estants; in Russia, 8,300,000 Catholics, 3,100,000 

 Protestants, and 73,800,000 of the Greek Church; 

 in Austria, 33,800,000 Catholics, 4,100,000 Protes- 

 tants, and 3,300,000 Greeks; in Italy, 60,000 Prot- 

 estants out of a total population of 31,160,000; 

 in Spain and Portugal, 10,000 Protestants out of 

 22,700.000; in Scandinavia, 10,000 Catholics and 

 9,290,000 Protestants; in Belgium and Holland, 

 7,990,000 Catholics and 2,710,000 Protestants; and 

 in the Balkan States, 1,900,000 Catholics, 4,130,- 

 000 Protestants, and 12,400,000 Greeks; in all 

 Europe, 167,500,000 Catholics, 94,410,000 Protes- 

 tants, and 89,500,000 Greeks ; in the United States, 

 62,300,000 Protestants and 9,900,000 Catholics; 

 and in the whole world, 240,000,000 Catholics, 163,- 

 300,000 Protestants, and 98,300,000 Greeks, or 

 according to the author of the computation a 

 total of 501,600,000 Christians in a population of 

 1,544,509,000. 



RHODE ISLAND. (See under UNITED 

 STATES.) 



ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. By an 

 apostolic letter dated Jan. 23, 1900, but not pub- 

 lished until a year later, Pope Leo XIII extended 

 the privileges of the jubilee to all countries for 

 any six months in the following year, giving the 

 faithful who were unable to visit Rome in 1900 

 an opportunity of gaining at home the indul- 

 gences of the Holy Year. In every country the 

 greatest advantage was taken of the opportunity. 

 In nearly every city under Christian government 

 processions were formed and visits made by thou- 

 sands to the churches prescribed by the ordinary. 

 This extension of the jubilee, though by no means 

 regarded as a matter of course, is in accordance 

 with the traditional practise of the Holy See for 

 many centuries. The final ceremony at the Holy 

 Door was performed on Saturday, Jan. 12, when 

 Mgr. Delia- Volpe, major-domo of his Holiness, 

 directed the filling up of the space in the wall out- 

 side the door with bricks and a slab of marble, 

 after placing in the masonry a bronze casket con- 

 taining 12 gold, 30 silver, and 60 bronze medals, 

 and 2 parchments containing an account of the 

 transactions of the jubilee. 



The Pope, on April 15, created 12 new cardinals, 

 an addition of about one-fifth to the Sacred Col- 

 lege, which thereupon became filled. They were 

 Mgr. Saumiatelli-Zabarella, titular Patriarch of 

 Constantinople; Mgr. Gennari, Archbishop of Le- 

 panto; Mgr. Della-Volpe, Major-Domo to his Holi- 

 ness ; Mgr. Cavagnis, Secretary of the Congregation 

 of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs ; Mgr. Tri- 

 pepi, Under-Secretary of State at the Vatican; 

 Mgr. Dell' Olio, Archbishop of Benevento; Mgr. 

 Bpschi, Archbishop of Ferrara; Mgr. Bacilieri, 

 Bishop of Verona; Mgr. Ribaldi, Bishop of Pa via; 

 Mgr. Martinelli, Papal Delegate to the United 

 States; Mgr. Knioz de Kolziesko Puzyna, Arch- 

 bishop of Cracow; and Mgr. Skrebensky, Arch- 

 bishop of Prague. Their elevation raised the 

 number of members of the Sacred College to 67 

 for the first time in a good many years. Ten out 



of the 12 were Italians, making 40 Italians in the 

 college altogether. The majority of Italians at 

 the beginning of Leo XIII's pontificate was 12, 

 and it has never since exceeded that number. 



The persecution of the regular clergy in France 

 was the occasion of much perturbation at the 

 Vatican during the year. When the associations 

 bill was before the Legislature, his Holiness ex- 

 pressed his grief to those around him, and pub- 

 licly in his letter to Cardinal Richard, Archbishop 

 of Paris; when it passed he consoled and advised 

 its victims in a letter to the superiors-general of 

 the religious orders, and entered a formal and 

 vigorous protest with the French Government in 

 a diplomatic note which the Cardinal Secretary of 

 State consigned to the French ambassador to the 

 Holy See. One feature of his letter to the supe- 

 riors-general was the complete absence of instruc- 

 tion as to the policy they should pursue with 

 regard to authorization. The matter was left en- 

 tirely to themselves. In conversation with such 

 of the superiors-general as appealed to him per- 

 sonally, he declared that their discretion must 

 determine their conduct. He made it clear, how- 

 ever, that the jurisdiction of the orders must 

 be dependent upon the Holy See, and that sub- 

 mission to the secular bishops (ordered by the 

 law) must be only in such points as those over 

 which the ordinary had previously had control. 



The address of the Duke of Norfolk to the 

 Pope, on the occasion of the visit of the English 

 pilgrims in December of 1900, in which his Grace 

 expressed the hope that his Holiness might regain 

 his temporal power, was taken up by the socialist 

 press of Italy as a grave insult to the Quirinal 

 by a supposedly friendly power. Although it was 

 made the subject of an interpellation in the "Ital- 

 ian House of Deputies, the ministry refused to 

 treat it as an international incident, and after 

 considerable fluttering in the socialist dovecote, 

 the incident was closed. 



The important utterances of the Holy See for 

 the year were as follow: The encyclical above 

 referred to, extending the jubilee; an encyclical 

 on the social question, Jan. 18; a letter to the 

 citizens of Como, approving their efforts to show 

 public honors to Alessandro Volta, the electrician 

 and discoverer of the voltaic current; an apostolic 

 letter regulating the management of religious 

 communities which profess simple vows; a letter 

 of commendation to the Society of St. Vincent de 

 Paul; a letter to the University of Glasgow, an- 

 swering an invitation to take part in the jubilee 

 celebration of the institution; an apostolic letter 

 on the devotion of the Rosary; an apostolic letter 

 addressed to the hierarchy of England, condemn- 

 ing the false tenets of liberal Catholicism and 

 rationalism; a brief of commendation to the 

 Benedictines of Solesmes in recognition of their 

 labors for the restoration of the Gregorian chant; 

 a brief conferring upon St. Bernard's Seminary, 

 at Rochester, N. Y., the right of granting degrees 

 in philosophy and theology; and an allocution 

 at the consistory at which the cardinals were 

 created, addressed principally to the ItaHan cler- 

 gy, urging them to resist the passage of a divorce 

 bill about to be introduced into the Italian Par- 

 liament. In December the Pope appointed a spe- 

 cial pontifical commission for the consideration 

 of all questions connected with Bible studies, to 

 consist of Cardinal Parocchi, as president, Car- 

 dinals Segna and Vives, and 11 consultors chosen 

 from different countries of the world. 



The Sacred Congregation of Rites, in May, is- 

 sued a new formula for blessing the lilies in honor 

 of Saint Antony of Padua, and in August issued 

 a decree announcing that the privilege accorded 



