590 



RUSSIA. 



per cent, on incomes from capital; indirect taxes, 

 310,297,000 rubles from excise on spirits, 38,893,000 

 rubles from tobacco, 67,523,000 rubles from sugar, 

 33,009,000 rubles from naphtha, matches, and 

 other excisable articles, and 219.276,000 rubles 

 from customs; of duties, 39,322,000 rubles from 

 stamps, 30,391,000 rubles from transfer duties, 

 and 26,542,000 rubles from passports, railroad 

 taxes, etc; of monopolies, 4,271,000 rubles from 

 mines, 15,418,000 rubles from the mint, 28,793,000 

 rubles from the post-office, 18,276,000 rubles from 

 telegraphs and telephones, and 110,756,000 rubles 

 from the sale of spirits; of Government domains, 

 16,664,000 rubles from rent, 48,108,000 rubles 

 from forests, 347,529,000 rubles from railroads, 

 12,103,000 rubles from Government mines, 13,852,- 

 000 rubles from capital and banking, and 1,812,- 

 000 rubles from private railroads; of sales of do- 

 mains, 1,191,000 rubles; of redemption of land, 

 40,552,000 rubles from liberated serfs and 54,945,- 

 000 rubles from Crown peasants; of miscellaneous 

 sources, 8,830,000 rubles from railroad debts, 33,- 

 561,000 rubles from Crown debts, 16,614,000 rubles 

 from municipalities, 6,195,000 rubles from mili- 

 tary contributions, and 7,549,000 rubles from vari- 

 ous sources. The expenditure in 1899 for the 

 public debt was 275,755,000 rubles, of which 107,- 

 633,000 rubles were for railroad debt; for the 

 Ministry of War, 333,579,000 rubles, including 

 5,230,000 rubles for the Transcaspian Railroad; 

 for the Ministry of Finance, 237,233,000 rubles, in- 

 cluding 9,150,000 rubles for the introduction and 

 extension of the Government monopoly of the sale 

 of spirits, 76,239,000 rubles for expenses of the 

 sale of spirits, and 1,000,000 rubles for loans to 

 railroad companies, etc; for Ministry of Ways 

 and Communications, 288,187,000 rubles, includ- 

 ing 206,950,000 rubles for the operation of the 

 Government railroads and 43,767,000 rubles for 

 new feeding lines and extensions; for the Comp- 

 troller-General, 7,383,000 rubles, of which 3,631,- 

 000 rubles were for railroads; for the higher in- 

 stitutions of the state, 3,193,000 rubles; for the 

 Holy Synod, 21,247,000 rubles; for the Ministry 

 of the Imperial House, 12,984,000 rubles; for the 

 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 5,537,000 rubles; for 

 the Ministry of the Navy, 83,612,000 rubles; for 

 the Ministry of Agriculture and State Domains, 

 37,157,000 rubles; for the Ministry of the Interior, 

 81,633,000 rubles; for the Ministry of Public In- 

 struction, 29,127,000 rubles; for the Ministry of 

 Justice, 44,829,000 rubles; for the Government 

 studs, 2,117,000 rubles. The expenditure due to 

 railroads, not including extraordinary expendi- 

 ture on new lines, amounted in 1899 to 358,211,- 

 866 rubles. The extraordinary revenue in 1899 

 was 178,779,000 rubles from loans, 2,895,000 ru- 

 bles of perpetual deposits at the Bank of Russia, 

 and various other receipts which make the total 

 183,849,000 rubles. The extraordinary expendi- 

 tures were 102,508,000 rubles for building new 

 railroads and purchasing rolling-stock, 150,175,- 

 000 rubles for the conversion of the debt, 5,600,000 

 rubles for assistance to the population in famine, 

 and 63,251,000 rubles for the state bank, etc., 

 making the total 321,534,000 rubles. There was 

 an excess of the total receipts, ordinary and ex- 

 traordinary, over expenditures in 1899 amounting 

 to 84,104,802 rubles. For the ten years ending 

 with 1899 there was a surplus every year of the 

 ordinary revenue over expenditure while the ex- 

 cesses of extraordinary expenditures over receipts 

 amounted for the whole period to 1,324,250,051 

 rubles, a deficit more than covered by the accu- 

 mulated surplus of 1,361,609,709 rubles in the or- 

 dinary budget, which left a net surplus of 37,359,- 

 658 rubles. 



The estimates of revenue for 1900 were 120,365,- 

 517 rubles from direct taxes, 641,142,300 rubles 

 from indirect taxes, 84,802,850 . rubles from 

 stamps, 173,687,800 rubles from royalties, 422,748,- 

 423 rubles from railroads and domains, 578,139 

 rubles from sales of domains, 77,717,000 rubles 

 from redemption of lands, 66,941,018 rubles from 

 reimbursement of railroad and other loans, and 

 5,762,633 rubles of miscellaneous receipts; total 

 ordinary revenue, 1,593,745,680 rubles. For 1901 

 the estimates were 127,172,905 rubles from direct 

 and 652,310,800 rubles from indirect taxes, 88,- 

 916,724 rubles from stamps, 227,999,900 rubles 

 from royalties, 465,335,362 rubles from domains, 

 573,291 rubles from sales of domains, 88,906,500 

 rubles from land redemption, 72,917,197 rublea 

 from reimbursement of loans, and 5,963,327 ru- 

 bles from various sources ; total ordinary revenue, 

 1,730,096,006 rubles. The total ordinary expendi- 

 ture was estimated at 1,608,199,771 rubles for 



1900 and 1,656,652,556 rubles for 1901. To bal- 

 ance the budget and meet extraordinary expendi- 

 ture, calculated at 149,187,332 rubles in 1900 and 

 131,829,450 rubles in 1901, the sum of 160,641,425 

 rubles must be found in 1900 and 56,886,000 ru- 

 bles in 1901. The extraordinary expenditures, 

 are 25,195,258 rubles on the Siberian Railroad 

 and 3,418,524 rubles on works connected with it 

 in 1900 and 7,277,269 rubles on the railroad and 

 3,078,131 rubles on works connected with it in 

 1901, 30,573,550 rubles on other railroads in 1900 

 and 31,974,050 rubles in 1901, 85,000,000 rubles for 

 loans to private railroads in 1900 and 82,000,000 

 rubles in 1901, arid 5,000 S 000 rubles for propina- 

 tion in 1900 and 7,500,000 rubles in 1901. 



The budget estimates for 1901 balance with a 

 total of 1,788,482,006 rubles, of which 131,829,450 

 rubles are for extraordinary expenditure. Every 

 Russian budget since 1888 has shown a large 

 surplus of ordinary receipts over expenditures, 

 and in this one the predicted surplus is the largest 

 that has appeared, amounting to 273,443,450 ru- 

 bles. The greatest increase of revenue under any 

 one head is 51,000,000 rubles in receipts from the 

 spirit monopoly, which is to be introduced in 21 

 more provinces and territories. The next largest 

 increase is in Government railroads, including the 

 newly opened Transbaikal line in Siberia and 

 the Murghab branch of the Transcaspian line to 

 the frontier of Afghanistan. In customs a de- 

 crease of 21,000,000 rubles was foreseen, which 

 was attributed to the development of native in- 

 dustries and the cessation in the construction of 

 new works and the importation of machinery. 

 The excess of 56,886,000 rubles in extraordinary 

 expenditures over receipts is provided for out of 

 the reserve resources of the treasury, the free bal- 

 ance, which is thereby reduced from 123,000,000 

 rubles to about 66,000,000 rubles. The extraordi- 

 nary and additional expenditure covered by this 

 reserve fund in 1900 was 160,000,000 rubles for 

 the extraordinary outlay provided in the budget 

 and 62,000,000 rubles on account of the crisis in 

 the far East. The credits granted in 1900 and 



1901 do not represent the whole of the expense 

 caused by the Chinese complications, and the ma- 

 terial damage caused by the Chinese outbreak of 

 1900 are far greater, including losses sustained 

 by the Eastern Chinese Railroad, by trade and 

 industry, by the money market, and in conse- 

 quence of the withdrawal of the laboring popula- 

 tion from productive occupations. The depressed 

 condition of industry and the embarrassed state of 

 the money market at home and abroad made it 

 difficult to compile a budget in which the ex- 

 pense of putting on a war footing 200,000 troops 

 and transporting many of them over enormous 



