600 



SALVADOR. 



SALVATION ARMY. 



been withdrawn from the leased territory and 

 from a neutral zone adjacent, but Chinese juris- 

 diction is continued in the neutral territory, and 

 in the leased territory Chinamen accused of crime 

 must be handed over to the nearest Chinese offi- 

 cial to be dealt with according to Chinese law. 

 Port Arthur has been made a naval port for the 

 Russian fleet, closed to the merchant and war- 

 vessels of foreign nations, but not to Chinese war- 



vessels. The harbor is being enlarged and naval' 

 docks are being constructed. A fortified naval 

 port has been established also at Talienwan in a 

 reserved corner of the harbor, the rest of which 

 is an open commercial port. The new Russian 

 town of Dalny at the southern extremity of the 

 port is the terminus of the Manchurian Railroad 

 to Mukden and Bedune, and is connected with 

 Niuchuang by railroad. 



S 



SALVADOR, a republic of Central America. 

 The legislative power is vested in the National 

 Assembly, a single chamber of 42 members, elected 

 for each annual session by universal adult male 

 suffrage. The President is elected by the direct 

 popular vote for four years. Gen. Tomas Rega- 

 lado was elected President for the term beginning 

 March 1. 1899, and Dr. Prudencio Alfaro was 

 elected Vice-President. The Cabinet at the be- 

 ginning of 1901 Avas composed of the following 

 members : Minister of Foreign Affairs and Justice, 

 Dr. Francisco A. Reyes; Minister of the Interior, 

 War, and Marine, Dr. Ruben Rivera; Minister of 

 Public Charity and Education, Dr. J. Trigueros; 

 Minister of Finance, Public Credit, and Public 

 Works, Dr. F. A. Novoa. 



Area and Population. The republic has an 

 area of 7,225 square miles and a population offi- 

 cially estimated in 1894 at 803,534, all of Indian 

 or mixed race except about 20,000 whites de- 

 scended from Spanish settlers and recent immi- 

 grants. 



Finances. The duties on imports and exports 

 provide the bulk of the revenue. Excise duties, 

 stamps, the gunpowder monopoly, the road tax, 

 and registration fees are other sources. In 1898 

 the revenue was $4,609,630, and the expenditure 

 $5,266,638. 



The foreign debt, amounting to 726,420, was 

 assumed in 1899 by the Salvador Railroad Com- 

 pany, which exchanged its securities for the Gov- 

 ernment bonds and undertook to complete the 

 railroad to San Salvador, the capital, receiving 

 from the Government a subsidy of 24,000 a year. 

 The internal debt, on which the interest is 4 per 

 cent., exceeds $9,000,000. 



Commerce and Production. The cultivation 

 of the soil is the main occupation of the people. 

 Coffee is the most valuable product. The grow- 

 ing of cotton is encouraged by a bounty from 

 the Government of $1 on every centner exported. 

 Indigo, sugar, rubber, balsam of Peru, and to- 

 bacco are other products. There are 180 mines 

 and quarries, and the mineral resources include 

 gold, silver, copper, iron, and mercury. Com- 

 mercial statistics were not published by the Gov- 

 ernment after 1896, but in 1900 a decree was 

 issued for the reestablishment of the statistical 

 bureau. The coffee-crop in 1901 was unusually 

 large. The indigo-crop was also abundant. 



Bailroads and Telegraphs. The railroad 

 from the port of Acajutla to Santa Anna and 

 Ateos was extended to San Salvador by the Eng- 

 lish company that assumed the old railroad debt, 

 which completed the work in May, 1900. Other 

 lines are under construction. 



There are 1,850 miles of telegraph-wires. 



SALVATION ARMY. This organization, 

 now world-wide, for religious and philanthropic 

 work among the classes which are not reached 

 by the churches, was begun by the Rev. William 

 Booth, a Methodist local preacher, in 1865, as the 

 East London Mission among the poor of the 



English metropolis. The name was soon changed 

 to " Christian Mission," and in 1878 the designa- 

 tion " Salvation Army " was adopted, and a mili- 

 tary form of organization was instituted, with 

 military discipline and military titles. The Sal- 

 vation Army was established in the United States 

 in 1880, and its introduction into France in the 

 same year was the beginning of its operation in 

 other than English lands. In 1890 Mr. Booth 

 published his book In Darkest England and the 

 Way Out, a study of the conditions of the poor 

 in England, and of possible remedies for its evils, 

 and sketched an extensive and comprehensive 

 scheme for the relief of the suffering he had found 

 to exist. The publication was followed by the 

 contribution of liberal sums for carrying out> the 

 plans proposed, and a considerable number of 

 them have been put into successful operation. 

 Forty-six countries are now occupied by the Sal- 

 vation Army, while its officers preach in 31 lan- 

 guages and its periodicals are published in 20 

 languages. By a decision recently given by the 

 highest German courts, it has been placed among 

 the religious societies recognized as such by the 

 state and entitled to protection. The Salvation 

 Army is most important in Great Britain, and 

 next in America. It had in the United States, in 

 October, 1901, 735 corps or posts, with 3,025 offi- 

 cers and other laborers, and 207 social institu- 

 tions for the working classes, giving daily accom- 

 modation to more than 8,000 persons; while be- 

 tween 30,000 and 60,000 persons were recorded 

 annually as publicly professing conversion. The 

 receipts reported through the national headquar- 

 ters in New York city for the year ending Sept. 30, 

 1901, were: For the General fund, $82,634; for 

 social and relief branches (dealing only with in- 

 stitutions in Greater New York and departmental 

 expenses for national oversight), $76,070; for the 

 property section, $29,177; for the Harvest Festi- 

 val of 1900, $22,536; on account of the Self -Denial 

 fund, $42,836; for the National Funeral fund, 

 $5,195; for the Disabled Officers' fund, $17,707; 

 for the Indian Mission and Famine fund, $2,407; 

 for the Winter Relief fund, $12,878. The assets 

 and liabilities were balanced at $1,249,345, and 

 the accounts of the trade department at $80,548. 

 The social institutions and agencies for the bene- 

 fit of working people, the poor, and the unfor- 

 tunate include, in the principal cities, shelters for 

 homeless men in 24 cities; shelters for homeless 

 women in New York, Chicago, Boston, and San 

 Francisco; homes for clerks and artisans; homes 

 for girls working in stores and offices; homes for 

 children in New York and San Francisco and on 

 the farm colony in Colorado; rescue homes for 

 fallen women in New York, St. Louis, St. Paul, 

 Grand Rapids, Detroit, and other cities; mater- 

 nity homes in Philadelphia and Chicago; slum 

 posts for visitation and meetings in New York 

 (where 20 officers are set apart for work of this 

 character), Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Provi- 

 dence, Cincinnati, Cleveland, and St. Louis; slum 



