602 



SANTO DOMINGO. 



SERVIA. 



SANTO DOMINGO, a republic in the West 

 Indies, occupying the eastern part of the island 

 of Haiti. The Congress is a single chamber of 

 24 members, elected by direct qualified suffrage 

 for two years. The President is chosen by an 

 electoral college and serves four years. Gen. 

 Juan I. Jiminez was elected President of the re- 

 public and Horacio Vasquez Vice-President for 

 the term ending in 1903. The Cabinet at the 

 beginning of 1901 consisted of the following sec- 

 retaries of state: Interior and Police, Gen. J. 

 Pichardo; Foreign Affairs, Enrique Henriquez; 

 Justice and Public Instruction, 8. E. Valverde; 

 Fomento and Public Works, Gen. T. Cordero; 

 Finance and Commerce, J. de J. Alvarez; War 

 and Marine, Gen. T. D. Morales; Posts and Tele- 

 graphs, Gen. J. R. Vidal. 



Area and Population. The area is estimated 

 at 18,045 square miles, and the population at 

 10,000, mostly of mixed white, Indian, and negro 

 blood. Spanish is the language of the country, 

 but in the towns many speak French or English. 

 There are about 300 elementary schools, with 

 10,000 pupils in attendance. 



Finances. The revenue in 1895 was $1,382,500, 

 and expenditure $1,351,250. In 1890 the revenue 

 was $1,545,450; in 1897, $1,601,294; in 1898, 

 $1,550,294. In 1897 the foreign debt was con- 

 verted into 2,736,750 of 2|-per-cent. bonds and 

 1,500,000 of 4-per-cent. bonds, both classes se- 

 cured on the customs duties and other revenues, 

 the collection of which was placed under the con- 

 trol of the Santo Domingo Improvement Com- 

 pany of New York. The Government of Gen. 

 Jiminez was dissatisfied with the arrangement 

 made with this company, and on April 1, 1899, 

 default was made in the payment of interest. 

 In 1901 the Government took the collection of 

 duties into its own hands. Other foreign debts 

 amount to 107,310, and there are internal debts 

 of which $2,845,550 are payable in gold and 

 .$10,126,629 in silver. 



Commerce and Production. The imports in 

 1897 were valued at $1,702,568 in gold, and ex- 

 ports at $4,675,939; in 1898 the imports at $1,696,- 

 280, and exports at $5,789,997; in 1899 the im- 

 ports at $1,669,994, and exports at $4,166,617. 

 The export of sugar in 1898 was 49,300 tons, and 

 in 1899 it was 50,963 tons; the export of mahog- 

 any was 929,980 feet in 1898 and 833,273 in 1899; 

 the export of logwood was 2,182 tons in 1898 and 

 972 tons in 1899; the export of tobacco was 7,535 

 tons in 1898 and 3,999 tons in 1899; the export 

 "of coffee was 2,616,908 pounds in 1898 and 3,386,- 

 86 pounds in 1899; the export of cacao was 

 7,578,438 pounds in 1898 and 5,807,640 pounds in 

 1899. The export of bananas in 1898 was 469,000 

 bunches. The exports of hides, wax, honey, divi- 

 divi, and rum are less important. The chief im- 

 ports are cotton goods, hardware, and provisions. 

 The United States has the largest share in the 

 trade, the other West India islands have a good 

 part, and of the imports, Spain and France con- 

 tribute a large portion, while of the exports Ger- 

 many and Great Britain take a valuable share. 

 The number of vessels that were entered at Puerta 

 Plata in 1899 was 162, of 157,106 tons. 



Bailroads, Posts, and Telegraphs. There 

 are 116 miles of railroad in operation, and new 

 lines and extensions have been begun. 



The post-office in 1898 handled 396,941 pieces 

 of internal and 238,897 pieces of foreign mail- 

 matter. 



The length of telegraph-lines completed is 430 

 miles, and others are under construction. 



SEBVIA, a monarchy in southeastern Europe. 

 The legislative power is vested in a single cham- 



ber, called the Skupshtina. containing 1,898 mem- 

 bers, elected by all adult male Servians who pay 

 15 dinars a year of direct taxes. The reigning 

 King is Alexander 1, born Aug. 14, 1876, who 

 succeeded on March 6, 1899, to the throne upon 

 the abdication of his father, Milan I, and as- 

 sumed the royal authority on April 13, 1893. 

 On Aug. 5, 1900, he married Draga Maschin, born 

 Sept. 23, 1867. The Cabinet in the beginning of 

 1901 was composed as follows: President of the 

 Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Alexa 

 S. Yovanovich; Minister of the Interior, Laza 

 Popovich; Minister of Justice, Nastas Antono- 

 vich; Minister of Finance, Dr. Mika M. Popovich; 

 Minister of War. Lieut.-Col. M. Vassich; Minister 

 of Public Works, Lieut.-Col. Andreas Yovano- 

 vich; Minister of Commerce, Agriculture, and In- 

 dustry, D. Spassich; Minister of Public Instruc- 

 tion and Worship, P. Marinkovich. 



Area and Population. The area of Servia is 

 19,050 square miles. The population in 1895 was 

 2,312,484, mainly a farming people, only 13.3 per 

 cent, of the total being dwellers in towns. There 

 were 2,083,482 Serbs, 159,510 Roumanians, 46,212 

 gipsies, 6,437 Germans, 5,048 Jews, 3,731 Slavs 

 of various races, 1,962 Magyars, and 6,102 others. 



Finances. The revenue in 1901 was estimated 

 at 74,018,070 dinars, or francs, of which 28,220,000 

 dinars were derived from direct taxes, 6,336,400 

 dinars from customs, 4,380,000 dinars from ex- 

 cise, 3,390,000 dinars from law courts, 20,148,970 

 dinars from monopolies, 9,496,500 dinars from 

 public works, and 2,046,200 dinars from other 

 sources. The expenditure was estimated at 73,- 

 992,543 dinars, of which 1,200,000 dinars were for 

 the civil list, 20,095,150 dinars for interest on the 

 public debt, 1,560,000 dinars for dotations, etc., 

 454,310 dinars for the Skupshtina, 406,500 dinars 

 for general credits, 2,950,365 dinars for pensions 

 and subventions, 1,792,228 dinars for the Minis- 

 try of Justice, 1,802,715 dinars for the Ministry 

 of Foreign Affairs, 9,246,869 dinars for the Min- 

 istry of Finance, 17,602,700 dinars for the Minis- 

 try of War, 3,401,031 dinars for the Ministry of 

 Instruction and Worship, 3,588,929 dinars for the 

 Ministry of the Interior, 8,044,847 dinars for the 

 Ministry of Public Works, 1,486,547 dinars for 

 the Ministry of Commerce and Agriculture, and 

 360,352 dinars for the court of accounts. The 

 revenue collected in 1899 was 72,100,000 dinars, 

 exceeding the estimates of 3,300,000 dinars. The 

 budget for 1902 makes the revenue 72,820,000 

 dinars and the expenditures 72,815,000 dinars, a 

 saving in expenditures of 1,175,542 dinars. The 

 army budget, although containing a special ap- 

 propriation of 1,700,000 dinars for armaments, is 

 3,000,000 dinars less than in 1901 and over 

 5,000,000 dinars less than in 1900. 



The public debt on Jan. 1, 1900, amounted to 

 424,725,713 dinars, 351,551,993 dinars being the 

 converted loan of 1895 paying 4 per cent, interest, 

 29,445,000 dinars the lottery loan of 1881, 9,795,500 

 dinars the loan of 1886, 3,750,000 dinars the Rus- 

 sian loan, 10,424,500 dinars loans secured on the. 

 tobacco and salt monopolies, 844,500 dinars a 

 loan for a local railroad, 8,314,720 dinars a loan 

 from the Bank of Servia, and 10,980,000 dinars 

 a loan raised in 1899 at 5 per cent. There was 

 in addition a floating debt formed by deficits 

 year after year, which in 1901 amounted to 

 44,000,000 dinars. 



The Army. The active army, according to 

 the estimate for 1901, consists of 661 officers and 

 14,000 men in the infantry, 101 officers and 1,400 

 men in the cavalry, 270 officers and 4,000 men in 

 the artillery, 65 officers and 1,000 men in the 

 engineers, and 151 officers and 800 men in the 



