606 



SOUTH AFRICA. 



fensive forces are the mounted police, numbering 

 659, who cost the Government 172,287 in 1899, 

 and 1,151 volunteers, for whom the Government 

 contributed 46,095. 



The main crop of the colony is sugar, raised by 

 European planters with native and Indian labor. 

 Tea has been planted on 2,666 acres. The Euro- 

 peans cultivate altogether only 157,370 acres, al- 

 though 7,000,000 acres in the colony proper have 

 been conveyed by grant or purchase to Europeans 

 and 1,750,000 acres sold to settlers on instalments, 

 leaving only 1,153,400 acres still belonging to the 

 Government besides 2,500,000 acres reserved for 

 the natives. The area tilled by natives is 360,232 

 acres; by Indians, 24,725 acres. In Zululand, 

 200,000 acres of the total area of 6,700,000 acres 

 have been alienated. Corn is grown extensively 

 by the natives, and the colony produces wheat 

 and other cereals. The total value of imports in 

 1899 was 5,359,259, and of exports 1,325,197. 

 The chief exports were wool of the value of 608,- 

 711: gold, 402.696; coal, 155,043; sugar, 

 147,499; hides and skins, 65,157; bark, 57,- 

 885; Angora hair, 39,964. During 1899 there 

 were 734 vessels, of 1,397,306 t9ns, entered and 

 716, of 1,381,346 tons, cleared.' The merchant 

 marine comprised 14 sailing vessels, of 699 tons, 

 and 14 steamers, of 2,495 tons. There are 591 

 miles of Government railroads, built at a cost of 

 7,267,588; receipts in 1899 were 940,100, and 

 expenses 628,942. On July 26, a railroad 77 

 miles in length from Durban to Port Shepstone 

 on the south coast was opened. A line from 

 Pietermaritzburg to the border of Cape Colony 

 near Riverside was approved by Parliament. The 

 Natal Parliament met on May 17. A loan of 

 3,000,000 for improving Durban harbor and for 

 railroads and other public works was authorized. 

 War expenditure for the coming year was esti- 

 mated at 850,000. The colony would pay 360,- 

 000 for the volunteers. The total expenditure, 

 estimated at 4,384,335, included 1,500,000 out 

 of loans for reproductive works. 



Bechuanaland Protectorate. The territory 

 between the Molopo and the Zambesi rivers, hav- 

 ing an area of about 213,000 square miles and 

 200,000 population, is a protectorate governed by 

 the native chiefs under the supervision of a Brit- 

 ish Resident Commissioner. Palachwe, the town 

 of Khama, the principal chief, has 25,000 in- 

 habitants. The natives raise cattle and cultivate 

 the ground. Spirits are not permitted to be sold. 

 The revenue in 1897 was 47,511, and expendi- 

 ture 88,448. The hut tax is collected by the 

 native chiefs. The mounted police in 1897 num- 

 bered 12 officers and 115 men, and the native 

 police 60. 



Rhodesia. The territories administered by 

 the British South Africa Company, which ob- 

 tained a royal charter in 1889, are brought under 

 the control of the Colonial Office in London by 

 the order in Council of Nov. 25, 1898, which con- 

 fers also the beginnings of representative govern- 

 ment. A Resident Commissioner is appointed by 

 the British Secretary of State for the Colonies, 

 whose approval is necessary for the appointment 

 of the company's administrators and judges and 

 the members of the Executive Council, of whom 

 not fewer than 4 are nominated besides the Resi- 

 dent Commissioner and the administrators of 

 Matabeleland and Mashonaland. The Legislative 

 Council is composed of the same officials, 5 mem- 

 bers nominated by the company and approved by 

 the Secretary of State, and 4 members elected by 

 the registered voters. Estimates of revenue and 

 expenditure are submitted by the administrator 

 to the Legislative Council, and when sanctioned 



by that body must be referred to the High Com- 

 missioner. Ordinances passed by the adminis- 

 trator and Legislative Council go into operation, 

 after they receive the approval of the High Com- 

 missioner, but they may be revoked by order of 

 the Secretary of State at any time within a year. 

 There is a Secretary of Native Affairs, and na- 

 tives enjoy the same legal rights as whites except 

 that they may not obtain arms, ammunition, or 

 liquor. Lands are reserved for them, and if these 

 are taken by the company for mining purposes, 

 new locations must be found for the tribes that 

 are dispossessed. The military police are under 

 the direction and control of the High Commis- 

 sioner. The Resident Commissioner in 1901 was 

 Lieut.-Col. Sir Marshal J. Clarke, and the com- 

 pany's administrator in Mashonaland was W. H. 

 Milton. 



The river Zambesi forms the boundary between 

 Northern Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia. In 

 Southern Rhodesia, comprising Mashonaland and 

 Matabeleland, are the settlements of whites and 

 the mines that attracted them. Its area is esti- 

 mated at 192,000 square miles. Matabeleland, 

 with a native population of 148,000, had 8,835 

 European settlers in 1900, and Mashonaland, with 

 302,000 natives, had 3,130. The high plateaus in 

 the latter province are believed to be adapted 

 for European pastoral and agricultural settle- 

 ments. The gold-fields of Rhodesia, extending 

 through both provinces, are estimated to have an 

 area of '5,240 square miles. There were 220 min- 

 ing companies in 1900, but the amount of gold 

 produced up to the end of that year did not ex- 

 ceed 166,000 ounces. A company has been formed 

 to dig coal in Wankies, near the Zambesi river, 

 where the coal-fields have an extent estimated at 

 400 square miles. Besides Salisbury, the capital, 

 Buluwayo, Ufntali, Victoria, Gwelo, Enkeldoorn, 

 Melsetter, and Rusapo have been organized as 

 townships. The Rhodesian Railroad, being the 

 continuation from Vryburg to Buluwayo of the 

 railroad from Kimberley, earned 99,290 net in 

 1898, exclusive of the subsidies of 20,000 from 

 the Imperial Government and 10,000 from the 

 British South Africa Company. The line is to be 

 extended first to the Wankies coal-fields and the 

 falls of Zambesi, afterward through Northern 

 Rhodesia to Lake Tanganyika, and ultimately 

 it is planned to carry it through German terri- 

 tory into British East Africa to connect with a 

 line continued up the Nile through the Egyptian 

 Soudan to Uganda, thus giving continuous rail 

 communication from Cape Town to Alexandria. 

 A branch of the Rhodesian Railroad is to be con- 

 structed from Buluwayo south to Gwanda, 80 

 miles, to be extended later to Tuli. The railroad 

 from Beira, on the coast of Portuguese East 

 Africa, to the frontier station of Umtali was con- 

 tinued in the spring of 1899 to Salisbury. A line 

 from Salisbury to Buluwayo is under construc- 

 tion. A railroad 300 miles long beyond the Vic- 

 toria Falls is proposed, to tap a country rich in 

 copper and pass through coal-fields. 



The Rhodesian post-office in the financial year 

 1900 forwarded 610,510 letters and postal cards 

 to points in South Africa and 223,847 to places 

 beyond seas, 207,982 newspapers, books, and par- 

 cels altogether, and 29,840 registered letters and 

 parcels; revenue, 18,167; expenditure, 26,122. 

 The telegraph-lines have a length of 3,451 miles; 

 number of paid despatches in 1900 sent and re- 

 ceived, 146,009; receipts, 25,300; expenses, 24,- 

 745. The British South Africa Company obtains 

 its revenue from mining, trading, and professional 

 licenses, business stands, and the postal and tele- 

 graph services. The revenue for the year ending 



