SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 



SWITZERLAND. 



633 



The total value of imports in 1900 was 310,- 

 653,000 kroner, and of exports 172,946,000 kroner. 

 Imports of alimentary substances were 106,- 

 500,000 kroner, and exports 58,800,000 kroner in 

 value; imports of raw materials were 79,400,000 

 kroner, including 35,200,000 kroner for coal, and 

 exports were 55,500,000 kroner; imports of manu- 

 factured articles were 64,900,000 kroner, and ex- 

 ports 41,600,000 kroner; imports of drugs, dyes, 

 and colors were 2,100,000 kroner, and exports 

 100,000 kroner; imports of oils were 18,400,000 

 kroner, and exports 5,800,000 kroner; imports of 

 miscellaneous articles were 39,400,000 kroner, and 

 exports 11,100,000 kroner. Among alimentary 

 articles the imports of cereals were 52,800,000 

 kroner, and exports 500,000 kroner; imports of 

 fermented liquors were 7,500,000 kroner, and ex- 

 ports 300,000 kroner; imports of colonial products 

 24,300,000 kroner, and exports 300,000 kroner; 

 imports of animals and animal products 16,300,000 

 kroner, and exports 57,600,000 kroner. The im- 

 ports of crude metals were 13,600,000 kroner, and 

 exports 2,500,000 kroner; imports of hides and 

 skins 8,800,000 kroner, and exports 5,700,000 kro- 

 ner; imports of textile materials 7,100,000 kroner, 

 and exports 300,000 kroner; imports of timber 

 7,300,000 kroner, and exports 42,700,000 kroner; 

 imports of minerals 7,400,000 kroner, and ex- 

 ports 4,300,000 kroner. The value of imports of 

 manufactured goods were 23,000,000 kroner for 

 metal manufactures, against 2,100,000 kroner for 

 exports; 33,500,000 kroner for textile goods, 

 against 900,000 kroner for exports ; 2,900,000 kro- 

 ner for paper and paper manufactures, against 

 9,800,000 kroner exported; 1,000,000 kroner for 

 leather manufactures, against 200,000 kroner for 

 exports; 4,500,000 kroner for wood manufactures, 

 against 28,600,000 kroner exported. 



The values in kroner of imports from and ex- 

 ports to different countries in 1900 were as fol- 

 low: 



Navigation. The number of vessels entered 

 at Norwegian ports during 1900 was 13,465, of 

 3,149,711 tons, of which 7,029, of 2,127,820 tons, 

 were with cargoes and 6,436, of 1,021,891 tons, 

 were in ballast. The total number cleared was 

 13,586, of 3,231,177 tons, of which 12,166, of 2,615,- 

 967 tons, were with cargoes and 1,420, of 615,210 

 tons, were in ballast. Of the total number en- 

 tered 7,019, of 2,068,240 tons, were Norwegian, 

 4,396, of 1,334,843 tons, having cargoes, while of 

 6,446 foreign vessels, of 1,081,471 tons, 2,633, of 

 792,977 tons, brought cargoes. Of the vessels 

 cleared 7,113, of 2,150,700 tons, were Norwegian, 

 and of these 6,400, of 1,839,391 tons, took car- 



foes, while of 6,473 foreign vessels cleared, of 

 ,080,477 tons, 5,766, of 776,576 tons, carried car- 

 goes. 



The merchant marine of Norway, the greatest 

 in proportion to population, numbered 5,642 sail- 

 ing vessels, of 1,002,675 registered tons, and 1,171 

 steamers, of 505,443 registered tons, on Jan. 1, 



1901, compared with f>,('.)S sailing vessels, of 

 1,052,687 tons, and 1,128 steamer.-,, ot' 4^2 247 tons 

 on Jan. 1, 1900. 



Railroads, Posts, and Telegraphs. The 

 length of the state railroads in i'JUU \\as 1,235 

 miles, and there were 103 mile.^ oi j livntc rail- 

 roads. The receipts of the Government, mi! roads. 

 for 1899 were 11,768,282 kroner, and expense's 

 8,206,262 kroner, while the revenue ot tlic com- 

 panies was 2,711,833 kroner and expenses J .CO.'iJs! 

 kroner. The Government railroads carried S..V;:',.- 

 214 passengers and 1,759,279 metric tons of 

 freight; companies' lines, 1,068,032 passengers and 

 908,072 tons of freight. 



The postal traffic in 1900 was 38,519,800 in- 

 ternal and 12,106,400 foreign letters and postal 

 cards, of which 2,676,500 internal and 75,000 for- 

 eign letters were registered, containing the values 

 of 385,400,000 and 22,100,000 kroner; and 58,- 

 702,900 internal and 5,346,800 foreign newspapers, 

 books, and circulars. The postal receipts were 

 5,060,791 kroner; expenses, 4,859,188 kroner. 



The telegraphs of the Government had in 1900 

 a total length of 7,500 miles, with 11,740 miles 

 of wire ; those of railroad companies had a length 

 of 1,230 miles, with 2,390 miles of wire. The num- 

 ber of internal messages was 1,430,804; of inter- 

 national messages, 837,111; of service messages, 

 22,692; receipts, 3,173,320 kroner; working ex- 

 penses, 2,374,169 kroner. 



SWITZERLAND, a federal republic in cen- 

 tral Europe. The legislative power is vested in 

 the Federal Assembly, composed of a National 

 Council of 147 members, elected t for three years 

 by direct adult male suffrage, ana a State Coun- 

 cil of 44 members, elected in the cantons, in some 

 of them by the legislative bodies, in others by 

 popular vote. The executive power is vested in 

 the Federal Council, whose members are elected 

 for three years by the Federal Assembly, and 

 from among the Federal Council the President of 

 the Swiss Confederation and the Vice-President, 

 who by custom is chosen President for the next 

 succeeding term, are chosen annually. The Fed- 

 eral Council in the beginning of 1901 was com- 

 posed as follows: President of the Confederation 

 and Chief of the Department of Justice and Po- 

 lice, Dr. Ernest Brenner, of Basel; Vice-President 

 and Chief of the Department of Posts and Rail- 

 roads, Dr. Joseph Zemp. of Lucerne; Chief of the 

 Political Department, W. Hauser, of Zurich ; Chief 

 of the Military Department, E. Muller, of Bern; 

 Chief of the Interior Department, M. E. Ruchet, 

 of Vaud; Chief of the Department of Commerce, 

 Industry, and Agriculture, Dr. A. Deucher, of 

 Thurgau; Chief of the Department of Finance and 

 Customs, R. Comtesse, of Neuchatel. On Dec. 12, 

 1901, Dr. Zemp was chosen by the Federal As- 

 sembly to serve as President of the Swiss Con- 

 federation for 1902 and Dr. Deucher was elected 

 Vice-President. 



Area and Population. The Swiss Confedera- 

 tion is composed of 22 cantons; but as 3 of 

 these are politically divided there are 25 republics 

 in the league, the half-cantons sending only 1 

 member instead of 2 to the State Council. The 

 area in square miles of each canton or half-canton 

 and its population, acording to the census taken 

 on Dec. 1, 1900, are given in the table at the head 

 of the next page. 



The population of the principal towns was: 

 Zurich, 150,239; Basel, 112,842; Geneva, 104,044; 

 Bern, 63,994; Lausanne, 55,973; Vevey, 32,982; 

 Lucerne, 29,145. 



Finances. The revenue of the Federal Gov- 

 ernment in 1900 amounted to 101.033,716 francs; 

 expenditure, 102,757,837 francs. The budget esti- 



