UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. (THE TWELFTH CENSUS.) 



M. Steuart, Whitman Osgood, Hart Momsen, and 

 Win. H. Jarvis, expert chiefs of division. Edward 

 W. Koch and Henry Gannett, geographer, U. S. 

 Geological Survey, have supervised the highly 

 important work of the geographical division, 

 which has been under the direct charge of Charles 

 S. Sloane, as geographer of the census. 



Population. For enumeration, the continental 

 territory of the United States was divided into 

 297 supervisors' districts, which were subdivided 

 so as to make a total of approximately 53,000 

 enumeration districts. The enumeration was 

 taken as of June 1, 1900, but enumerators were 

 allowed two weeks in cities of 8,000 inhabitants 

 or more, and thirty days elsewhere, beginning 

 with that date, to complete their work. The 

 electrical tabulating device, invented by Dr. Her- 

 man Hollerith, and first used in the eleventh cen- 

 sus, was again used in the tabulation of the 

 population returns. Nearly 2,000 clerks, princi- 

 pally young women, were assigned, as soon as the 

 schedules were received, to the work of punching 

 the individual cards required by this system of 

 tabulation, and the results, afterward slightly 

 modified by corrections, of the count of the popu- 

 lation were available and published on Nov. 27, 

 1900. 



The population of the several States and Terri- 

 tories, thus ascertained, was given in the Annual 

 Cyclopaedia for 1900. 



Every State and Territory, except Nevada, sus- 

 tained an increase of population during the dec- 

 ade between the eleventh and twelfth censuses. 

 The average gain was 21:0 per cent., and included 

 gains as high as 518.2 per cent, for Oklahoma; 

 117.6 for Indian Territory; 88.6 for Idaho; and 

 75.2 for Montana. The lowest percentages of gain 

 were 0.7 per cent, for Nebraska, 2.9 for Kansas, 

 3.4 for Vermont, and 5.0 for Maine. The loss for 

 Nevada was 11.1 per cent. 



The highest absolute increases were 1,265,257 

 for New York, 1,044,020 for Pennsylvania, 995,199 

 for Illinois, and 813,187 for Texas; the lowest, 

 7,390 for Nebraska, 11,219 for Vermont, and 16,- 

 242 for Delaware. Nevada lost 5,099. 



Of the total increase, 27.5 per cent, accrued to 

 the North Atlantic States, which, however, gained 

 but 20.9 per cent, over their population in 1890. 

 The South Atlantic States received 12.0 per cent, 

 of the total increment of the country during the 

 decade, but their own gain was 17.9 per cent, of 

 their population when it began. The percentages 

 for the States of the North Central division were 

 29.6 and 17.5 respectively; those for the South 

 Central division 22.0 and 26.1, and the population 

 of the Western division increased 31.9 per cent, 

 over 1890, although they received but 7.5 per cent, 

 of the total increase for the country. Five States 

 gained more than 500,000 inhabitants, and re- 

 ceived altogether 35.4 per cent, of the total gain 

 for the country. In 1890 these States contained 

 31 per cent, of the total population ; in 1900 they 

 contained 31.8 per cent. The 10 States of New 

 York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Texas, Massachu- 

 setts, Ohio, Minnesota, New Jersey, Missouri, and 

 Wisconsin had the highest numerical gain, and 

 in the aggregate obtained 51.9 per cent, of the 

 total increase. Their total gain amounted to 22.6 

 per cent., and their proportion of the total popula- 

 tion increased between 1890 and 1900 from 48.1 

 to 48.8 per cent. 



Changes in rank according to population have 

 not been numerous, but some of them are signifi- 

 cant. The first 5 States in the order of popu- 

 lation viz., New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, 

 Ohio, and Missouri retain the places they held 

 in 1890. Texas, which was seventh in 1890, has 



changed places with M;tss;i< Imsftts, which was 

 sixth. Then follow Indi;ni;i, Michigan, and Iowa 

 in the same order as in ls!o. Georgia and Ken- 

 tucky, which were eleventh ;ui<l twelfth, respect- 

 ively in 1890, have exchanged places, and also 

 Tennessee and Wisconsin, which wen: thirteenth 

 and fourteenth. Virginia, which was fifteenth in 

 1890, is now seventeenth, having been passed by 

 North Carolina, which was sixteenth, arid New 

 Jersey, which was eighteenth. New Jersey has 

 also passed Alabama, which has dropped' from 

 seventeenth to eighteenth. Kansas, which w?n 

 nineteenth in 1890, has gone to the twenty-second 

 place, having been passed by Minnesota, Missis- 

 sippi, and California. Louisiana has gone ahead 

 of South Carolina and Arkansas, while Maryland 

 has passed above Nebraska. West Virginia is 

 the twenty-eighth State in population, and is fol- 

 lowed by Connecticut, Maine, Colorado, and Flor- 

 ida, all holding the same rank that they had 

 ten years ago. New Hampshire has been passed 

 by Washington, Rhode Island, and Oregon, and 

 is now thirty-sixth instead of thirty-third. Ver- 

 mont is now fortieth and is below Oregon, South 

 Dakota, Oklahoma, and Indian Territory, all of 

 which it outranked in 1890. Oregon, which was 

 thirty-eighth, is now thirty-fifth. Oklahoma is 

 thirty-eighth instead of forty-sixth, and Indian 

 Territory has become thirty-ninth. Nevada, 

 which had a greater population than Alaska in 

 1890, has fallen to the lowest place. 



With the exception of the District of Columbia, 

 which embraces a population almost wholly 

 urban, the highest density of population is for 

 Massachusetts, which has 348.9 persons to the 

 square mile, New Jersey follows with 250.3, Con- 

 necticut with 187.5, New York with 152.6, Penn- 

 sylvania with 140.1, Maryland with 120.5, and 

 Ohio with 102.0. No other State has as many as 

 100 persons to the square mile. The highest west 

 of the Mississippi river is 45.2 in Missouri, and 

 the next highest 40.2 in Iowa. 



The inhabitants of the United States have been 

 classified according to race, sex, and general na- 

 tivity as follow: 



The percentage of foreign-born persons in the 

 country to the total population, as shown in the 

 twelfth census, is 13.7. There are 7 States, in 

 which the population of foreign birth is more 

 than one-fourth of the total number of inhabit- 

 ants. These are Massachusetts, 30.2 per cent.; 

 Rhode Island, 31.4; Connecticut, 26.2; New York, 

 26.1; Minnesota, 28.9; North Dakota, 35.4; and 

 Montana, 27.6. 



Eighty-nine per cent, of all the persons who 

 are classified as negroes are in the 14 States 

 that have more than 160,000 such inhabitants. 

 Only one other State, Pennsylvania, with 156,845. 

 has as many as 100,000 negroes. Seven States 

 have more than 50,000 but fewer than 100,000; 

 while 8 have more than 10,000 but fewer than 

 50,000. The following table includes the States 

 having more than 160,000 negroes: 



