YUKON, TERRITORY OF. 



805 



field; The Seven Million Young Men of our Small 

 Towns and Country Districts, by President W. F. 

 Slocum, of Colorado College; and a Jubilee Ad- 

 dress, by Mr. J. H. Eckels. On College Men's 

 Night addresses were delivered by President F. 

 L. Patton, of Princeton University, President Cy- 

 rus Northrup, of the University of Minnesota, and 

 President Booker T. Washington, of Tuskegee 

 Normal and Industrial Institute all on the sub- 

 ject of The Contribution of the Association to 

 the Moral and Religious Life of our Universities 

 and Colleges. On Army and Navy Night, the 

 addresses were by Gen. Curtis Guild, presiding, 

 Major-Gen. Joseph Wheeler, Mrs. E. A. McAlpine, 

 of the Woman's Auxiliary of the International 

 Committee, Admiral. Watson, Capts. A. V. Wad- 

 hams and Hobson, and Admiral Higginson. On 

 Railroad Night, Col. J. J. McCook presided, and 

 President Tuttle, of the Boston and Maine Rail- 

 road, made the address. Three Sioux Indians 

 spoke of the work of the associations among 

 their tribes, which was represented by 8 branches, 

 with 1,700 Indian members. The foreign work 

 was the main subject of the farewell meeting, at 

 which addresses were made by delegates from 

 Japan and India, and by Mr. J. R. Mott; a col- 

 lection of $15,000 was taken for the cause; and 

 an engraving from Bouveret's painting of The In- 

 stitution of the Lord's Supper was presented to 

 the convention by M. Jules Siegfried, of the French 

 associations. The work of the International Com- 

 mittee in all its departments was commended by 

 the convention, and its continuance on the lines 

 marked out in the report was directed. In the 

 resolutions the Athletic League was cautioned to 

 guard with especial care " against excessive com- 

 petition and the evils which too often arise when 

 a desire to win is substituted for earnest exercise 

 and friendly rivalry " ; and the advice of the con- 

 vention was given " that all possible endeavors be 

 made to foster and stimulate the work among 

 boys, in recognition that there is no more im- 

 portant work before the association." More than 

 half of a Jubilee fund of $1,000,000, authorized by 

 the previous International Convention, at Grand 

 Rapids, Mich. (1899), had been secured. Esti- 

 mates were made that not less than $160,000 would 

 be required annually hereafter for the associa- 

 tion's work in the home field and $60,000 in the 

 foreign field, " with such other and further 

 amounts as may be called for by the extension of 

 the work on the lines already authorized." For 

 the past year $16,000 had been received from asso- 

 ciations and $120,000 from 4,500 individuals. A 

 committee appointed at the Grand Rapids con- 

 vention in 1899 to consider means by which the 

 relation of the international, State, and local as- 

 sociations, and the functions of each supervising 

 agency may be more clearly defined, was con- 

 tinued. An exhibit illustrating various aspects 

 of the history and work of the associations was 

 given in connection with the meeting of the con- 

 vention. The final exercise of the jubilee was an 

 excursion to Plymouth, with an oration by the 

 Rev. Alexander McKenzie, D. D., on The Spirit of 

 the Puritans the Spirit for the Young Men of the 

 Twentieth Century. 



YUKON, TERRITORY OF, a northwestern 

 territory of the Dominion of Canada; population 

 in 1901, about 20,000. Capital, Dawson City. 



Government. The first application of direct 

 governing principles to the territory occurred 

 after the first rush of miners to the scene, when, 

 on Aug. 17, 1897, Mayor James M. Walsh was 

 appointed Commissioner of the Yukon District. 

 On June 13, 1898, the district was formally de- 

 tached from the jurisdiction of the Northwest Ter- 



ritories and established as a separate territory, 

 with Mayor Walsh as the first Commissioner. A 

 Council of six persons was appointed by the Do- 

 minion Government to assist and advise the Com- 

 missioner, of which the judge of the territorial 

 court should be an c.i;-of/i<;io member. Ordinances 

 for peace, order, and good government were to be 

 made by the Commissioner arid Council within 

 the same limits as by the government of the 

 Northwest Territories. A superior court of rec- 

 ord was also constituted, with the same powers 

 and jurisdiction as the Supreme Court of tho 

 Northwest Territories, except as expressly varied 

 by the Dominion Parliament. The Commissioner, 

 members of the Council, judges of the court, und 

 officers of the mounted police were to be ex-offiviv 

 justices of the peace, though others might be spe- 

 cially appointed. Jurymen were limited to Brit- 

 ish subjects. The first judge of the court was 

 Calixte Aime Dugas, appointed on Sept. 12, 1898. 



On July 4 of the same year William Ogilvie was 

 appointed Commissioner. He resigned his office 

 early in 1901 and was succeeded by James Hamil- 

 ton Ross. The latter arrived at Dawson City on 

 April 8. Meanwhile, on Jan. 26, 1901, the Coun- 

 cil forwarded a petition to the authorities at Ot- 

 tawa, which asked that the local council should 

 control local affairs; that a subsidy should be 

 granted by the Dominion Government to the Y 7 u- 

 kon territory of not less than three times the sub- 

 sidy allowed to the provinces per capita, because of 

 the population being almost entirely adult and 

 productive ; that the territory be divided into elect- 

 oral districts to be entitled to representation in the 

 local council; that the Dominion Government 

 should look as favorably as possible upon any 

 suggestion made by the Yukon Council, as a body, 

 with reference to mining regulations or other mat- 

 ters of territorial interest; that a third judge 

 should be appointed in the territorial court, and 

 a court of appeal also be established; that repre- 

 sentation in the Dominion Parliament be con- 

 ferred upon the territory under the same terms 

 and conditions as upon other outlying parts of 

 the Dominion. 



Characteristics. The extent of the Yukon 

 territory, as constituted by Act of Parliament, 

 is 251,300 square miles. The climate of the coun- 

 try in summer is all that can be desired. The 

 winter is very cold, as the following figures, com- 

 piled by Alexander McBean, of Dawson City, 

 from Nov. 19, 1900, to March 10, 1901, show: 

 November highest, 10 below zero; lowest, 42 

 below zero. December highest, 10 below zero; 

 lowest, 52 below zero. January highest, zero; 

 lowest, 68 below zero. February highest, 8 

 above zero; lowest, 57 below zero. March 

 highest, 30 above zero; lowest, 30 below zero. 

 The winter trail from Dawson City to White 

 Horse, the other chief settlement in the Yukon, 

 is 369 miles long, and there are about 50 road- 

 houses on the route. The trail on the Lower 

 Yukon, from Dawson to Tanana, is 700 miles, and 

 there are only 40 road-houses. From Port Simp- 

 son, British Columbia, by way of the Main Stikine 

 river to Testin Lake, the distance is 717 miles; 

 from Port Simpson by way of the Clappan river 

 and Deare Lake to Teslin it is 627 miles; from 

 Port Simpson by way of Clappan river, the 

 canon of Stikine, and the Tahltan river it is 

 706 miles; from Edmonton, Northwest Territory, 

 via Skeena and Clappan rivers and Deare Lake to 

 Teslin it is, approximately, 1,137 miles. The Gov- 

 ernment report for 1900 shows 112 deaths from all 

 causes during the year. Accidents and pneu- 

 monia were the most frequent causes of death. 

 There were 73 marriages in the year. 



