.S7A' WILLIAM SIEMENS, F.R.S. 331 



it was advantageous to produce the metals separately and in their 

 utmost purity. With regard to the use of the residue in the blast 

 furnace, with all respect to Mr. Ililey's opinion, he still thought 

 copi><T was an objectionable element in wrought iron ; for if any 

 considerable amount of copper, say ^ per cent., got into a puddled 

 bar, it did not behave well under the hammer, and therefore the 

 copper must be classed in that case with Lord Palmerston's dirt. 

 He had had these residues examined repeatedly for sulphur and 

 for copper, and found they yielded on the average '6 per cent., 

 which was equal to 1 per cent, of the metallic iron contained in 

 the ore. Therefore, although this material might be extremely 

 useful in the blast furnace to assist in producing quantity, it 

 ought to be used with great caution, in order not to increase 

 unduly the proportion of copper or sulphur. With regard to the 

 extraction of silver, he only hoped, for the benefit of this process, 

 that the late discoveries in California, which it is said would 

 reduce the price of silver to an almost nominal amount, would 

 not interfere with its financial development. He concluded by 

 proposing a vote of thanks to Mr. Phillips, which was carried 

 unanimously, and the proceedings terminated. 



In t/ie discussion of tlie subject 



"THE USE OF MOLTEN IRON DIRECT FROM THE 

 BLAST-FURNACE FOR BESSEMER PURPOSES," 



Introduced by Mr. J. T. SMITH, 



DR. SIEMENS * said he hoped the two processes would live side 

 by side and help each other, instead of being considered antagonistic. 

 He should not have troubled them with any remarks of his own, 

 except for the remarks which had fallen from Mr. Hackney. When 

 the works at Landore were contemplated, he (Dr. Siemens) was 



* Excerpt Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, 1876, pp. 33, 34. 



