SfK WILLIAM SIEMENS, F.R.S. 355 



lixture was no doubt the reduction of the iron, but as the 

 n dilution got more and more completed the fusion of the earthy 

 iluents immediately set in, and it set in practically before the 

 n'.Iiu'iiuii was completed. The moment fusion took place, which 

 was necessarily at the minimum temperature, the cinder drained 

 a \viiy from the iron, accumulated at the bottom of the rotating 

 1, whereas the iron separated more and more from it, and as 

 soon as the cinder had accumulated in any considerable quantity 

 it was tapped from the vessel. The result was that the first cinder 

 coming from the vessel contained a considerable quantity (he had 

 seen and tested it even up to 8 per cent.) of phosphoric acid. At 

 that time the temperature of the vessel was not sufficient to re-act 

 upon the phosphate of lime or other chemical combination in 

 which the phosphorus was held in the slag so as to bring it back 

 to the metal. If the temperature was now pushed forward in the 

 rotative vessel, that action, which had been so ably described by 

 Mr. Hell in reference to the puddling process, no doubt would set 

 in there also. The iron would gradually but slowly take up the 

 phosphorus again, but, in order to break up the combination in 

 rhich the phosphorus was by that time comfortably settled, time 

 iras required ; and in that process, although the total duration of 

 3h operation was between three and four hours, yet the time 

 luring which the metal was in contact with the fluid cinder was 

 rery short indeed, in fact, the ball was brought out as soon as the 

 ictal would hang together, and it was purposely brought out at as 

 >w a temperature as possible, in dealing with impure ore, and 

 cinder squeezed out as he had described in the paper, not by 

 jueezing it or hammering it in large masses, but by either 

 lering it flat out or rolling it into thin sheets, squeezing the 

 ider out, and dealing then with the bar metal either in the 

 linary way in the re-heating furnace, or, what was better, in a 

 lollow fire, where the cinder was more thoroughly washed out from 

 3 metal, without increasing the temperature very rapidly, to such 

 extent as to make the phosphorus go back to the iron. There- 

 )re, he thought there was nothing contradictory in those results 

 ' all those circumstances were taken into account, and at any rate 

 analysis showed that iron was produced from very impure ores 

 ctically free from phosphorus, and what was very curious, 

 )metimes charges from ore containing a great deal of phosphorus 



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