378 THE SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF 



" iron." He (the President) thought the same appellation applied 

 to a material containing If per cent, of manganese, besides an 

 ample allowance of phosphorus and sulphur, and, however perfect 

 the material might be for such a purpose as rail-making, he was 

 quite certain it would not stand the higher tests required of a 

 material such as Mr. Adamson had brought before them, and 

 when they wanted to melt it and heat it rapidly and cool it to 

 stand the tests alluded to by Mr. Kitson, or when they wanted to 

 expose it for a length of time to corrosive action, they would find 

 out the difference. 



ON THE PRODUCTION OF STEEL, AND ITS APPLI- 

 CATION TO MILITARY PURPOSES. 



BY C. W. SIEMENS, Esq.,* D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., &c. 



THE Chairman, Lieut.-General Sir Henry Lefroy, K.C.M.G., 

 R.A., F.R.S., said, It is scarcely necessary for me to remind you 

 that you have before you one of the most distinguished physical 

 philosophers of the present day. "We have to do to-night, not 

 with the distinguished electrician, with the constructor of the 

 Faraday, with the inventor of the bathometer, with the fertile in- 

 ventor whose range has gone over subjects as various as the setting 

 of type, and the measure of the depth of the ocean, but with one 

 of the most scientific metallurgists of England, the inventor of 

 many remarkable processes in that art, and particularly of one 

 \vhich I daresay he will allude to for the direct extraction of steel 

 and iron from the ore, and of whom it may be very safely said that 

 he has touched no subject which he has not adorned. 



Dr. Siemens. The subject-matter regarding which I propose to 

 engage your attention this evening is not new. Steel was known 

 to the ancients, and is still produced by semi-barbarians in a 

 similar manner to what we find described in ancient records. 



* Excerpt Journal of the Royal United Service Institution, Vol. XXIII., 1879, 

 pp. 536-553. 



