with this observation, but he would still maintain the bending 

 tests, after sudden cooling, as most important. If they had a 

 material that would elongate to a certain extent, and that did not 

 possess at the same time the quality of flowing under great 

 compression, that material would break in the case of a sudden 

 shock such as a ship might receive in knocking against a rock or 

 against another ship : if it had the power of flowing, it was a 

 much safer material. That quality of flowing came chiefly to the 

 fore in making material for the tin-plate trade. Instead of using 

 charcoal bar, tin-plate makers now used to a great extent a very 

 mild steel for making tin plates, and their test was entirely a 

 bending test. They took the tin plate, doubled it, doubled it 

 again, and doubled it again ; put it on the anvil and hammered 

 it quite flat with an iron hammer ; they then bent it back, and if 

 it stood that three times, it was considered a pretty good material. 

 Now that test would not be stood by metal which would bear 

 almost any amount of elongation ; the quality required of such a 

 metal was a quality which he would call the power of solid flow, 

 that was possessed only by very pure iron indeed. He would, 

 therefore, as one representing more the manufacturer than the 

 user of steel, say to them, do not drop your tests, but rather 

 increase their severity. 



In the discussion of the Paper 



"ON IRON AND STEEL AT LOW TEMPERATURES," 

 By JOHN JAMES WEBSTEE, Assoc. M. Inst. C.E., 



DE. C. "W. SIEMENS * observed that the impression produced on 

 his mind by the paper was that it dealt with a limited question 

 purely for a practical purpose, and that within those limits the 



* Excerpt Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Vol. 

 LX. Session 1879-1880, pp. 204-207. 



