450 THE SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF 



32 -65 tons per square inch, showing an increase of more than 

 2 tons to the square inch after having been punched or disturbed 

 in the greatest possible manner ; and I hold that the most crucial, 

 the most searching test this homogeneous metal can be put to is 

 to punch it with several holes at close distances in a line. If it is 

 really high-class metal it will simply flow when it is put to a great 

 local strain, and the ultimate strength will increase, for the same 

 reason that if a bar is stretched to a certain extent its strength 

 per square inch is increased. But if it is metal that is not capable 

 of perfectly solid flow it will diminish in strength. I have here, 

 also, experiments by Professor Kennedy ; these experiments will 

 shortly be published by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 

 and also go in support of the view I stated yesterday, that of good 

 mild steel it might be said, what the old proverb attributes to 

 " a wife and a mulberry tree," " the more you beat it the better 

 it be." 



In the discussion of the Papers 



" ON THE USE OF A MECHANICAL AGITATOR IN THE 

 MANUFACTURE OF BESSEMER STEEL," by W. D. 

 ALLEN, Sheffield ; and 



"ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ELEMENTS IN STEEL 

 INGOTS," by G. J. SNELUS, 



DR. C. TV. SIEMENS * said he wished to make a few remarks on 

 the second and third papers, which opened up questions of very 

 great interest. They dealt with two distinct questions, one being 

 that of mixing the metal before it was poured into the ingot 

 mould, and the other the action that took place within the ingot 

 mould when the steel was allowed to cool very gradually. Sir 

 Henry Bessemer had, at a very early period, directed his attention 



* Excerpt Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, 1881, 386-388. 



