INDEX TO VOLUME I. 



PUDDLING. 



compared, 283 ; important branch 



of metallurgy, 237 ; Siemens's, 



C. W., views regarding, 239, 241, 



and confirmation of, 280 ; silicon 



removed in, 239 ; waste due to 



oxidation in, 242. 

 Puddling furnace, action in, popular 



views of, 239 ; analysis of con- 

 ' tents of, 238 ; cooling puddling 



chamber of, by open vessel, 334 ; 



order of removal of carbon. 



sulphur, and phosphorus in, 238 ; 



yield from, actual and theoretical, 



242. 

 Puddling process, usually wasteful, 



laborious and incomplete, 244. 

 Punching, annealing after, 371 ; die 



should be larger than punch in, 



371 ; and drilling compared, 410 ; 

 , or straining increases stength of 



mild steel, 371, 397, 446, 447, 449, 



460, 461. 

 Punching of steel, 460 ; action in, 



370. 

 Pure steel, little influenced by 



temperature variations, 425 ; 



production of, 340. 



QUALITIES of steel, affected by 

 treatment, 316, 317 ; determined 

 by chemical test, 459 ; have to be 

 studied, 314 ; various, 340. 



Quantity of blast required in blast 

 furnace, 279. 



KAILS, actual test of on railway line 

 important, 272 ; testing machine 

 for, 272 ; wearing quality of, test 

 of, 272 ; wheels on, propelling and 

 sliding action of, 272. 



Reaumur made steel by fusion, 215. 



Recoil of gun carriages, checking 

 by hydraulic compression, 457 ; 

 (Siemens, C. W.'s, suggestion for, 

 referred to by Col. Clarke at 



REGENERATIVE GAS FURNACE. 



Exeter meeting of British Associa- 

 tion, 457 ; used without acknow- 

 ledgment by Government, 457). 



Red shortness in steel, 211 ; pre- 

 vented by manganese, 232. 



Reduction of temperature of gases 

 from blast furnace, how effected, 

 278. 



Regenerative gas furnace, 209, 455 ; 

 Sir Win. Armstrong's allusion to, 

 455 ; arrangement of for lower tem- 

 peratures, 387 ; cool chimney in, 224. 

 247 ; description of, applicable to 

 ore and scrap open-hearth pro- 

 cesses, 219, 382 ; most economical 

 for high temperature, 387 ; 

 economy of fuel in, 224, 225, 247 ; 

 economy of steel melting in, 387 ; 

 failure of at Royal Gun Factory, 

 cause of, 455, 456 ; failure of 

 early Sheffield experiments, cause 

 of, 217 ; Faraday described in 

 1862, 210 ; (flame in, concentra- 

 tion of, 227 ; regulation of length 

 of, 227) ; fusion of steel in crucibles, 

 229, 381 ; gas and air separately 

 heated in, 224 ; gas in, advantages 

 of using, 227 ; heat accumulation 

 in, 226, 247 ; heat, action of, in, 

 illustrations of, 226 ; heat ample 

 in, 218 ; heat of combustion, 

 almost entirely available in, 387 ; 

 heat below temperature of work 

 utilized in, 224, 225, 247; heat 

 nearly all retained in, 224, 225, 

 247 ; high temperature, effect of, 

 in, 236 ; invented jointly by Sie- 

 mens, C. W. and F., 210 ; out- 

 ward pressure in, advantages of, 



228 ; gas-producer for, 245, and 

 see Gas-producer; rate of com- 

 bustion of gas in, regulation of, 

 227 ; refractory material for, 226, 

 236 ; regenerators for, 224, 246 ; 

 regulation of, by chimney-damper, 



229 ; retorts formerly used with, 

 325 ; success of at gun factories of 



