INDEX TO VOLUME /. 



493 



SCIENCE. 



Science, sign of advancement of.:.' i;. 



Scientific attention paid to puddling, 

 slight, 238. 



Scott, M., casting arrangements for 

 Sir-iii'Ms- Martin process, discussion 

 of paper by, 335-338. 



Scrap and ore process, difference 

 botween, 448. 



Scrap process in regenerative gas 

 furnace, 230. 



Sheffield steel process, 214, 328. 



Shipbuilding, iron and steel for, 313 ; 

 steel for, 313, 367, 420. 



Shocks, influence of, on steel, 271. 



Short test pieces, objection to, 373. 



Shrinking hoops on guns, action 

 taking place in, 453 ; temperature 

 of, 453, 454. 



Siemens, C. W., definition of steel, 

 316, 323 ; gas-producers, q. v., 

 lime and magnesia linings, experi- 

 ments on, 363 ; mild steel, q. v. ; 

 open-hearth steel process, q. v. ; 

 ore-reducing process, q. v. ; papers 

 by, 209-237; 237-255; 283-302; 

 303-308 ; 340-352 ; 378-401 ; pre- 

 cipitation process, q. v. ; views on 

 puddling, that carbon and silicon 

 are replaced by iron from fluid 

 oxide of iron, 239, 241 ; views on 

 puddling confirmed by experiment 

 at Sample Steel Works, Bir- 

 mingham, 240, 280, and results in 

 Danks's furnace, 280 ; regenerative 

 gas furnace, q, v. ; regenerative 

 gas puddling furnace, q. v. ; re- 

 generative open hearth ore pro- 

 cess, q. v. ; regenerative open 

 hearth steel process, q. v. ; re- 

 generators, q. v. ; rotary furnace, 

 q. v. 



Siemens-Martin steel process, 284 ; 

 casting arrangements for, 335. 



Siemens steel, weekly production of, 

 289. 



Siemens, Werner, researches on 

 tungsten in steel, 213. 



SPONGY IRON. 



Silica iron, H'.U. 



Silicon, non-absorption of by fluid 

 cast metal in contact with silica 

 or silicates, 240 ; removal in 

 puddling by reducing flame of low 

 temperature, 239 ; in steel, effect 

 of, 213 ; table of, in cast and 

 wrought iron and steel, 2.">:{. 



Slag, mode of mixing with iron, 398. 



Smelting ironstone, chemical work 

 in, 260. 



Smelting operations, heat necessary 

 in, 260, 261. 



Smith, E. F., Casson-Dormoy 

 puddling furnace, discussion of 

 paper by, 333-335. 



Smith, J. T., Bessemer steel rails, 

 315-320 ; use of molten metal 

 direct from blast furnaces for 

 Bessemer purposes, 331-333, dis- 

 cussion of papers by. 



Snelus, G. J., spiegeleisen, manu- 

 facture and use of, 311-312 ; steel 

 ingots, distribution of elements in, 

 450-452, discussion of papers by. 



Snelus, view of dead melting, 

 criticism of, 337. 



Soda, ammonia used in making, 330. 



Solid flow, a quality of mild steel, 

 422, 450, 460. 



Solidifaction of steel, chemical 

 change during, 451. 



Spiegeleisen, addition of, to open- 

 hearth process, 232, 284 ; man- 

 ganese, percentage of, in, 311 ; 

 manufacture of, 311 ; on steel, 

 effect of, 311; sulphur, why not 

 found in, 311. 



Spongy iron produced in blast 

 furnace, 290, 366 ; by Blair's pro- 

 cess, 365 ; Chenot's process of 

 manufacturing, 365 ; difficulties 

 in connection with, 366 ; failure 

 to puddle, 242 ; by Ireland's pro- 

 cess, 365 ; sulphur absorbed by, 

 366 ; trials of Chenot, Clay, and 

 Yates with, 292. 



