JOSIAS CHRISTOPHER GAMBLE 63 



himself. They were made in the works, 

 being built up like pots used in making glass, 

 and it took six months to build and dry them 

 before they could be burned. He first made 

 vessels of 100 gallons, but afterwards he 

 increased the size to 400 gallons. These 

 earthenware stills were, of course, abandoned 

 when unground manganese and live steam 

 began to be used. 



It was thus throughout his whole works, 

 even to things so insignificant as thermo- 

 meters and hydrometers, which he made 

 himself in his own laboratory, being an 

 expert with the blow pipe. 



Not only had he to devise and construct 

 all his plant and apparatus, he had also 

 personally to instruct as well as superintend 

 all his workmen in each department. He 

 never employed the services of a chemist ; 

 if he wanted assistance he taught men himself 

 what he required them to do. 



Though Gamble loved his business he was 

 never a slave to his work. He was a great 

 reader, both of scientific works connected 

 with his business and of the current literature 

 of the day. He learned French after he was 

 married, probably with the assistance of his 

 wife, and could read French scientific works 



