JAMES SHANKS 217 



the report, upon the authority of Mr. Gossage, 

 had unconditionally claimed the honour for 

 the late Mr. Shanks, of St. Helens. 



Muspratt had previously asserted (in his 

 Dictionary II. p 926) that he knows it is a 

 foreign invention which was introduced by 

 Mr. C. T. Dunlop into the St. Rollox 

 Chemical Works about the year 1843, "but 

 Hofmann's statement was almost universally 

 credited." Lunge then proceeds to say : 

 "This cannot be done now since Scheurer 

 Kestner (in the ' Bulletin de la Socie'te 

 Industrielle de Miilhouse,' February 28th, 

 1868), has completely elucidated the matter, 

 and proved Muspratt's statement to be 

 substantially correct." He reports that, in 

 October, 1856, he had visited Messrs. 

 Tennants' works, on a journey to Scotland, 

 in company with Mr. Gundelach, Mannheim. 



Mr. Dunlop then showed them the 

 apparatus working by displacement of the 

 liquor, just in the same form as to-day, and 

 stated to them that it had been at work for 

 more than ten years (this agrees with 

 Muspratt's year, 1843) I moreover, Mr. 

 Dunlop told them that he had constructed 

 the apparatus in consequence of advice given 

 him by Mr. Gundelach on a previous visit. 



