ii APPENDIX 



Mexico, but his father was averse to his leaving 

 England. 



When the Mexican business fell through he 

 made an arrangement with Messrs. James Shears 

 and Sons, who had a large Copper-smith's business 

 in London, to restart a dilapidated Copper Works 

 at Spitty, on the Lloughor River, Carmarthen- 

 shire, and he continued to manage these works 

 until 1829, when he left South Wales and came 

 to Lancashire. 



A London Company had been formed to work 

 the Copper mines of Arosa in Venezuela ; the pro- 

 duce of the mines was imported into Liverpool, 

 and an arrangement was made with Mr. Keates to 

 erect a Smelting Works in Lancashire. The site he 

 chose was at the upper end of the St. Helens Canal, 

 and in 1830 he started the old Ravenhead Copper 

 Works. About 1838 these works were disposed 

 of to Messrs. John Bibby and Co., of Liverpool, 

 who were the commercial Agents of the Bolivar 

 Mining Association. In later years the St. Helens 

 Copper Co. acquired these works, Messrs. John 

 Bibby and Co. having erected much larger and 

 more convenient works a little further down the 

 Canal. 



Messrs. Newton, Lyon and Co., of Liverpool, 

 who had Copper Rolling Mills near Holywell, 

 Flintshire, decided to become Smelters as well as 

 Manufacturers, and engaged Mr. Keates to erect 

 works for them. In 1832 he built the Sutton 

 Copper Works near St. Helens Junction, and these 

 were carried on for nearly fifty years by Messrs. 

 Newton, Keates and Co. 



