THK I.IIKI;AIU;K OF HISTDKICAI. Q10LOO1 :JI 



are the following: the Geological Societies of Edinburgh, 

 Glasgow, Manchester, and Liverpool, the Yorkbhire Geological and 

 Polytechnic Society, and the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall. 



Particulars respecting the above and all other scientific bo. 

 in the United Kingdom will be found in the Official Year-Book of 

 Scientific and Learned Societies, published by C. Griffin ;u 

 Strand, London. Price 7s. 6d. each annual volume. 



The British Islands have been the scene of repeated volcanic 

 eruptions, and volcanic products are interbedded with the sediim-nt.- 

 of all the Paleozoic systems, except perhaps the Permian. Brief 

 descriptions of the contemporaneous volcanic rocks will be given in 

 the following pages after that of the sedimentary rocks of each 

 period, but the reader will find this part of the subject admirably 

 treated by Sir Archibald Geikie in his Ancient Volcano* of 

 Great Britain (Macmillan and Co., 2 vols. 1897, price 36s.). 



PALAEONTOLOGY 



For the proper study of historical geology it is essential that 

 the student should have some knowledge of the forms and structure 

 of the different classes of animals, and especially of the Invertebrate 

 classes. This general acquaintance he can get from a careful perusal 

 of Mr. H. Woods's small manual of Palaeontology in the Cambridge 

 Natural Science Series (second edition, 1899, price 6s.), but he may 

 sometimes find it necessary to refer to larger books on the subject 

 Of these the best are : 



A Manual of Paleontology, by Messrs. Nicholson and Lydekker, 

 third edition, in two volumes (1889), price 42s. 



Zittel's Text-book of Paleontology, the American edition of 1900, 

 published by Macmillan and Co., vol. i., price 25s. 



Outlines of Vertebrate Paleontology, by A S. Woodward, Cauib. 

 Univ. Press, price 14s. 



Besides these may be mentioned a series of volumes now being 

 issued under the title of A Treatise on Zoology, edited by Professor 

 E. R Lankester, and published by A. and C. Black. This series 

 will be complete in ten parts, of which nine have been published. 

 Price from 12s. 6d. to 15s. per part Fossil forms are dealt with 

 in most of them. 



The stratigraphical geologist, however, has to deal with fusils 

 principally as important aids in determining the relative age of 

 rocks, and he has therefore to make himself acquainted with tin 

 fossils which are most characteristic of the different systems, and 

 especially with those species which have a restricted range within 

 each system and thus characterise stages and zones. 



