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Carboniferous flora, and are chiefly lycopods and ferns. The former 

 include Lepidodendron, Sagenaria, Knorria, Stigmaria, and Psilophy- 

 ton ; ferns are presented by Palceopteris, Neuropteris, and Sphenopteris ; 

 Catamites occur, and coniferous wood is also not uncommon. 



Fish are the most conspicuous and abundant members of the 

 fauna, and several orders are represented : the Ostracoderms by 

 Cephalaspis, Pteraspis, Scaphaspis, and Holaspis ; the Dipnoids by 

 Coccosteus, Phaneropleuron, Dipterus, and Homosteus ; the Elasmo- 

 branchs by Acanthodes, Cheiracanthus, Diplacanthus ; the Crossoptery- 

 gians by many genera, such as Osieolepis, Glyptolepis, Gyroptychius, 

 Diplopterus, and (in the upper division) Holoptychius. The remains 

 of fish are very abundant at certain horizons in Scotland, but they 

 are not generally distributed through the mass of the formation. 



The Merostomata are represented by Pterygotus, Eurypterus, 

 Styloneurus, and the only other organic remains found in British 

 strata are the Phyllopod Estheria, two Myriapods, and a Lamelli- 

 branch (Archanodori). In Canada, however, insects of several kinds 

 have been found in rocks of corresponding age and character. The 

 following are some of the more characteristic Old Red Sandstone 

 fossils : 



Fossils of the Lower Division 



Plants. Psilophyton robustum, Parka decipiens. 



Myriapoda. Archidesmus Macnoli, Kampecaris forfarensis. 

 Merostomata. Pterygotus anglicus, Eurypterus pygmaeus, Stylonurus 



Symondsi. 

 Pisces. Cephalaspis Lyelli, Pteraspis rostrata, Pterichthys cornutus, 



Pt. Milleri, Mesacanthus Mitchelli, Diplacanthus gracilis, 



Climatius scutiger, Parexus incurvus. 



Fossils of the Middle Division 



Plants. Lepidodendron gaspeanum, Calamites transitionis. 



Crustacea. Estheria membranacea. 



Pisces. Coccosteus decipiens, C. minor, Thursius pholidotus, Th. 



macrolepidotus, Homosteus Milleri, Gly ptolepis paucidens, 

 Dipterus macropterus, Osteolepis microlepidotus. 



Fossils of the Upper Division 



Plants. Palaeopteris hibernica, P. Browni, Cyclopteris Kiltorkense, 



Stigmaria ficoides, Knorria Bailyana, Sphenopteris 



fiaccida. 



Mollusca. Archanodon Jukesi. 

 Pisces. Holoptychius nobilissimus, Bothriolepis major, Glypto- 



pomus minor, Phaneropleuron Andersoni, Asterolepis 



maxima, and Psammosteus Taylori. 



