THE CARBONIFEROUS 8YSTK.M 281 



Carboniferous deposits of the Culm type are also found in the 

 si mtli- west of Germany, in the Black Forest and in the Voeges 

 district, with which the tracts in Central France were probably 

 continuous. 



3. South of France, Pyrenees, and Spain 



When we pass into Southern France we enter a region where 

 still another facies prevails. As a type of this the succession found 

 in the Montague Noire, near Corbieres, may be taken. As described 

 by M. Bergeron this is : 



Grey limestone with Productus giganteus. 

 Sandstones with plants (Lepidodendron veltheimianum). 

 Shales with Spirifer tornacensis and Posidonomya Becheri. 

 Radiolarian chert-beds with phosphatic nodules (Glyphioceras diadema), 

 succeeding Upper Devonian. 



A similar succession is found at intervals all along the chain of 

 the Pyrenees, with the addition at the base of compact limestones 

 (the " marbres griottes "), variegated with red and brown, which 

 contain Glyphioceras crenistria, Pronorites cyclolobus, and Prolecanites 

 Henslowi. Still farther west in Asturia Professor Barrois has 

 described the following sequence : - 2 



Feet. 

 Shales and limestones of Lena, with Amplexus coralloides, Lons- 



daleia Jioriformis, and Fusulitia ...... 240 



The Cafion limestones with few fossils, Poteriocrinus crassus, 



Prod, aculeatus, Spirifer striatus ...... 700 



" Marbres griottes " with the Goniatites above mentioned . . 60 



It is curious to find limestones with what we regard as 

 Pendleside species of Goniatitidce here conformably succeeding the 

 Upper Devonian ; but there is no doubt about the sequence, and 

 we may regard these forms as southern species which did not find 

 conditions suitable to them in the north-west of Europe until 

 a late date in Dinantian time. 



4. Russia 



In this region the Lower Carboniferous Series is a combination 

 of the Culm and the Dinantian limestone facies. The beds lie for 

 the most part horizontally and are exposed in three large areas, 

 that of Donetz in the south, the Moscow basin in the centre, and 

 on the slopes of the Ural Mountains to the east. Ignoring local 

 variations the general sequence in the Ural and Moscow areas is : 



