TIIK TltlA I KM 381 



SIM in which tin- red marls and salt deposits of the Keuper were 

 fornu'd ; and judging from the relative thickness of the Keuper 

 Series at different places the deepest parts of this inland sea were 

 m-nr Merlin in Germany (Sperenberg boring) and below Cheshire 

 in England. In Fig. 124 I have attempted to restore the geography 

 of Europe in the Keuper epoch, and though I have left an opening 

 between Swit/erland and Bohemia, this can only have been open 

 during the time of the Kohlenkeuper, and must afterwards have 

 been closed by local upheaval or in some other manner so as to 

 shut out the waters of the Southern Sea from the northern basin. 



The physical aspect of the country surrounding the inland sea 

 must have combined the features of the Syrian desert around the 

 shores of the Dead Sea with those of the country near the Caspian ; 

 that is to say, the Anglo-Germanic Sea was bordered in some places 

 with rough and rocky hills, in others by sandy plains, and again 

 in some places by reedy marshes and salt lagoons. We must not 

 picture the whole region as completely barren and arid, for we 

 know it was inhabited by various kinds of reptiles and Labyrintho- 

 donts ; moreover the continued existence of the lake would depend 

 on the water-supply carried into it by rivers, though it is clear 

 that this supply was often less than the amount which evaporated 

 from ite surface. 



KEFERENCES 



1 Lapworth, "Geology of the Birmingham District," Proc. Geol. Assoc. 

 vol. xv. p. 384 (1898). 



2 Holmes, "Geology of Cumberland," Proc. Geol. Assoc. vol. xi. p. 231. 

 a Boyd Dawkins, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. Iviii. p. 647 (1902). 



4 Martin, Geol. Mag., 1909, p. 160. 

 8 Strahan, Geol. Mag., 1881, p. 396. 

 8 Wills, Geol. Mag., 1907, p. 28. 



7 Strahan, op. cit. 



8 Shipmnn, " Geology of Nottingham," Proc. Xott. J\'at. Hist. Soc., 1889 ; 

 see also the Geological Survey Memoir ou Sheet 126 (1908). 



9 Holmes, op. cit. 



10 Boyd Dawkins, op. cit. p. 655. 



" Morgan and Reynolds, Bristol Nat. Hist. Soc. for 1908, p. 5. 



r - Strahan, ' ' Geology of South Wales," Geology in the Field, p. 842. 



13 See W. A. E. Ussher, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxii. p. 367, and vol. 

 zxxiv. p. 459. 



14 Hull and Irving, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xlviii. pp. 60 and 68. 



15 Judd, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxxiv. p. 686 (1878). 

 18 Watson, Geol. Mag. for 1909, p. 102. 



17 Mojsissovies, Site. A had. Wien, 1892, p. 769, and 1895, p. 1279. 



18 Ogilvie, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xlix. p. 1 (1893). 

 18 Bonney, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. Ivi. p. 2*7 (1900): 



