

TIIK .ll'KASSir SYSTKM 441 



200, and the K el la \\ays about 50 feet These latter beds take 

 their name from a place called Kdlauays near Chipp-nham in 

 Wiltshire, where they are about 60 feet thick ; in that district too 

 the overlying beds are exposed in several places, yielding Cosm. 

 ornatwm, Cosm. Elizabetha-, and Peltoceras athletum; while in the 

 higher beds Gryplura dilatata is an abundant fossil. 



In the counties of Oxford, Buckingham, Bedford, Huntingdon, 

 and Cambridge the thickness of the stage is about 450 feet, and 

 the same three zones are everywhere traceable. That of Cosmocerax 

 ornatum is well exposed in brickyards near Oxford, and that of 

 Keppleriles calloviensis in quarries and cuttings near Bedford. 

 Near Huntingdon and Peterborough Professor Judd recognised 

 the following sequence : 



5. Clays with Card, cordatum and Quensted. Lambert i. 



4. Clays with Cosm. om-atum and Duncani. 



3. Clays with Belemnites hastatus and Bel. Oweni. 



2. Shales with Nucula nuda and Cosm. jason. 



1. Kellawaya Beds, soft sands and clays. 



Near Peterborough the clays of No. 3 have yielded ten species 

 of reptiles and five of fish. In this district also, as well as round 

 St Neots and St. Ives, the higher beds include bands of limestone 

 as well as septaria, and yield the characteristic Ammonites in great 

 abundance. 



The Oxford Clay borders and underlies the western part of the 

 Fen district, emerging on the north side of the river Witham near 

 Bardney, and passing northward to the valley of the Ancholme, 

 which drains into the Humber. 



When it emerges from the Cretaceous overlap in Yorkshire the 

 beds have a more variable composition. The Kellaways /one is 

 represented by a massive brownish calcareous sandstone, but where 

 this first appears it is only 9 feet thick ; in Gristhorpe Bay it is 24 

 feet, and at Scarborough, 5 miles to the north-west, there are no less 

 than 76 feet of sandstone. It seems, however, that only the lower 

 62 feet of this belong properly to the Kellaways, lor the highest beds 

 contain Gryphcea dilatata and Ammonites of the Ornatum Group, 

 which characterise the lower part of the Oxford Clay elsewhere. 

 Above this sandy zone are grey sandy shales 120 feet thick, 

 containing Quenst. Lamberti, Card, cordatum, Cosm. crenat'nii, and 

 other fossils. Westward both shales and sands decrease in thick- 

 ness, and are only 80 feet thick*in the Howardian Hill>. 



2. The Corallian Group. This stage was termed the " Coral 

 Rag" by William Smith in 1815, from the abundance of corals in 

 some of its beds, and it was subsequently divided by J. rhillij^ 

 into a lower and upper " Calcareous Grit," with the " Coralline 



