454 STRATIGKAPHICAL GEOLOGY 



Feet. 



Cor. Zone of Peltoceras Mmammatum .... about 80 

 Oxf fZone of Peltoceras trasversarium and Waldheimia 



\ impressa, (marls, clays, and limestones) . . 140 to 350 

 p 1 fZone of Ornatus Ammonites (clays), with Macro- 

 ' a ' 1 cephalus limestone at base. 



The most interesting member of this series is the lithographic 

 limestone of Solenhofen, which must have been deposited in very 

 quiet and clear water and not far from land ; for though it is of 

 marine formation and contains several species of Ammonites and 

 Belemnites with Crab,*, Starfish, and other sea-creatures, it also 

 encloses entire skeletons of Pterodactyles and the remains of the 

 curious bird Archceopteryx (see p. 384), as well as the remains of 

 dragonflies, cockroaches, wood-wasps, and ordinary flies (Musca 

 and Empidia) ; all in the most beautiful state of preservation 

 owing to the fine grain and slow deposition of the limestone. 



3. The Alpine Fades 



In the Alpine region the lower part of the " Upper Jura " has 

 but a small development ; the Callovian, Oxfordian, and Corallian 

 being only represented by bands of limestone which do not always 

 contain the characteristic species of Ammonites. The higher 

 portion of the series, however, swells out into a massive series of 

 limestones from 1000 to 2000 feet thick, which form a special 

 facies of the Kimeridgian and Portlandian stages. At the base of 

 these beds are limestones which frequently contain Oppelia 

 tenuilobata, and consequently represent the Lower Kimeridgina 

 (or Astartian). The middle part of the series consists of reddish 



limestones so full of Terebratula 

 diphya (now called Pygope jani- 

 tor] that they are known as the 

 Diphya limestone. The upper 

 beds are massive pale-coloured 

 limestones, often called the 

 Stramberg limestone from 

 Stramberg in Moravia, and they 

 also contain Pygope janitor as 

 well as Ammonites, Diceras, 

 Nerinseas, and Corals. 

 Fig. isi.-TEREBRATDLA DIPHYA. These Diphya limestones are 



sometimes called the Tithonian 



or the Tithonic facies of the Portlandian, for they contain the 

 Portlandian Ammonoids Oppelia steraspis and Oppelia lithographica 



