TIIK I'l.K.isTiicKNK SKI; IKS 629 



east lo Leice>t.er, there are two very dill'erent kind.-, of boulder- 

 clay ; the one a reddish clay containing Mono of Pennine origin, 

 the other a chalky clay with Chalk-Hints and Jurassic debris, 

 derived from places to the north-we-t. This Chalky Boulder-clay 

 is clearly tin- same as that of Lincolnshire, and it is stated to 

 overlie the Pennine Clay, but according to Mr. R. M. Deeley there 

 i> a!s<> in tin Trent valley a still newer reddish clay with Pennine 

 material, which lie calls the \e\\vr Pennine Clay. 8 



There seems also to have been a dispersion of boulders in 

 different directions from Charnwood Forest before the incidence 

 of the ice from the north-west, for such boulders occur at places in 

 Nottingham and Lincoln, as well as near Leicester and Coventry, 

 that is to the north-east and east as well as the south-east and 

 south-west. 



In Warwickshire, from near Bromsgrove to the north-east 

 of Birmingham for a distance of some 20 miles, there is a line 

 of lioulders which have been transported from Wales, often 

 accompanied by blocks of basalt from the Rowley Hills near 

 Dudley. Lastly, in Staffordshire, round Wolverhampton, Cannock, 

 and Rngeley, and even as far east as Lichfield, there are many 

 boulders which have come from the Lake District and the south 

 of Scotland. 



6. IVales and the West of England 



The Glacial deposits of this district are also divisible into 

 two sets, the one set consisting of detritus which has come from 

 the north and has been transported by ice through or over the 

 1 risli Sea, while the other set consists entirely of Welsh material 

 and has been carried by the glaciers which issued from the Welsh 

 mountains (see p. 617). The following account of the Glacial 

 Drifts of Lancashire and Cheshire has been compiled mainly from 

 the writings of Mr. Mel lard Reade 9 and Dr. A. Strahan. 10 



The whole of the lower parts of Lancashire, Westmoreland, 

 Cheshire, and North Shropshire, from Coniston and Windermere 

 southward and inland up to heights of 500, and in some places 

 600 feet above sea-level, is covered by a nearly continuous mantle 

 of boulder - clay, which is only broken in places where Triassic or 

 Carboniferous rise up through it. This boulder-clay, however, is 

 not a solid mass like the till of Scotland and Northumberland, 

 but consists of irregular masses or sheets of stony clay with local 

 intercalations of stratified sand and gravel 



The deposits are in fact very like those of East Yorkshire and 

 Lincolnshire, for the lower clays are generally purplish brown, 

 and the upper clays resemble the Hessle Clay in being streaked 



