THK I'LKISTOCKNK SKKIKS 637 



combined thickness of Glacial deposits on the German plain i- 

 varialilr, as illicit be expected, but that it is sometimes 300 feet 

 and in ;i fc\v places cvrn more. 



The Series Glaciers. The refrigeration of climate whirh 

 brought Arctic conditions into Northern Europe was also felt in 

 Switzerland and caused a great extension of the Swiss glaciers, till 

 they not only filled their valleys, but coalesced with one another, 

 and spread out over the plains which lie both to the north and 

 south of the Alps. Thus the glacier of the Rhone spread across 

 tin- plains of Geneva and Neuchatel onto the flanks of the Jura 

 Mountains, where it left a long line or belt of transported boulders 

 at an average height of 800 feet above the lakes. Similarly the 

 glacier of the Rhine spread out far beyond the Boden See (Lake of 

 Constance), passing northward and eastward into the drainage area 

 of the Danube. 



As in Germany so in Switzerland there is evidence of two 

 distinct Glacial epochs or advances of the glaciers, separated by an 

 interval of temperate climate. The older deposits are coarse 

 gravels and a kind of boulder-clay or argillaceous moraine. The 

 inter-glacial deposits are fluviatile gravels and sands with beds of 

 lignite at Diirnten, Utznach, and other places, which yield leaves 

 of plants and trees of the same species as now live at these localities, 

 together with bones of Elephas primigenius, Rhinoceros etruscus, 

 Ursus spekeus, and Bos primigenius. Those beds rest in places on 

 the older moraines, and are overlain by newer moraine-stuff. 



Of still later date than the last advance of the glaciers are the 

 terraces of lacustrine deposit at 150 feet above the Lake of Geneva, 

 which prove that the lake has been lowered to that extent sin<v 

 the retreat of the ice during the erosion of its valley by the ex- 

 current river (the Rhone). 



E. NON-GLACIAL DEPOSITS 



1. Classification and Fauna 



Relative Age. Under this head we group those Plri>tocrm- 

 deposits which have not been accumulated by moving ice and are 

 not in terst ratified with boulder - clays. The principal deposits of 

 tliis kind may be catalogued as follows : 



1. Clay with Flints. 4. Lacustrine Deposits. 



2. Plateau Gravels. 5. Cave Deposits. 



3. River Gravels. 6. Raised Beaches. 



7. Alluvial Levels. 



These deposits are chiefly found outside the glaciated areas, 



