CONTENTS. 



SECTION I. -DESCRIPTIVE. 



CHAPTER I. 



DESCRIPTIVE GEOGRAPHY. 



Invasion of Chile, 1; Its limits, 2; Origin of the name, 2; MOUNTAINS, 3; VOLCANOES, 4; Antuco and its new crater, 5; 

 Llayina, 5 ; Llogol, 5. MOUNTAIN PASSES : The Cumbre, 6; The Portillo, 6; Come-cavallo, 7; Laguna and Dona Ana, 9; La De- 

 heaa, 10; Los Patos, 10 ; El Planchon, 11; Antuco, 11; Table showing the heights, latitudes, and longitude* of the principal 

 summits, 13. LAKES: Llanquihue, 14; Rupanco, 14; Puychue, 14; Ranco, 14; Huitahue, 15; Guanegue, 15; Rinihue, 15; 

 Pirehueco, 15; Lajara, 15; Villarica, 15 ; Gualletue, 15; Laja, 15; Amargo, 16; Totoral, 16; Maule, 16; Mondaea, 16; La* 

 Garzas, 16; Taguatagua, 16; Cauquenes, 17; Aculeo, 17; Inca, 17; The lakes of Coquimbo and Atacama, 18. RIVKRJ, 18; 

 Origin of nearly all the Chile streams, 19; The Bueno, 20; Valdivia or Calle-calle, 20 ; Token, 20 ; Imperial. 21 ; Biobio, 21 ; 

 Itata,22; Ruble, 22; Maule, 23; Mataquito, 25 ; Rapel, 25; Maypu, 25; Aconcagua, 26; Chuapd, 26; Limari, 26; Coquimbo, 

 26; Huasco, 26; Copiap6, 26. BAYS and HARBORS, 27; Valparaiso, 28; Talcahuano, 29; Coquimbo, 30 ; Herradura, 31; Huasco, 

 32; Copiapo and Caldera, 32; Port Yngles, 33; Constitution, 33; Valdivia, 34; Ancud, 34; Port Famine, 36. ISLANDS, 36; 

 Chil6e and the surrounding islands, 37 ; Mocha, 39 ; Santa Maria, 39 ; Quiriquina, 40 ; Juan Fernandez, 40 ; Santa Clara, 42 ; 

 Mas-d fuera, 42 ; Pajaros, 43. 



% 



CHAPTEE II. 



POLITICAL DIVISIONS AND DISTRIBUTION OF INDUSTRIAL RESOURCES. 



Province of ATACAMA, 44 ; Its boundaries, 44 ; Towns, 44 ; Mineral wealth and balance of trade, 45. Province of COQCIMBO, 

 45; Its boundaries, 45 ; Towns, 45 ; Soil, 45; Roads, 45 ; Products and trade, 46. Province of ACONCAGUA, 46 ; Its boundaries, 

 46; Towns, 46; Its soil and products, 47; Mines and trade, 47. Province of SANTIAGO, 48 ; Its boundaries, 48; Towns, fertility of 

 soil, 49; Agricultural and mineral wealth, 49; Proposed railroads, 50. Province of VALPARAISO, 50; Its boundaries, 50 ; Towns, 

 50; The valley of Quillota and Lavaderos, 51. Province of COLCHAGUA, 51 ; Its boundaries, 51 ; Extent, 51 ; Departments, 52; 

 Towns, 52; Agriculture, 53; Cattle and revenue, 53. Province of TALCA, 53; Its boundaries, 53; Departments, 53 ; Towns, 53: 

 Agricultural surplus and minerals, 54. Province of MAULE, 54 ; Its boundaries, 54 ; Extent, 54 ; Towns, 55 ; Agriculture, 56; 

 Statistics, 56 ; Cattle, 57; Minerals and Manufactures, 57. Province of NUBLE, 57; Its boundaries, 58; Towns, 58; Baths of 

 Chilian, 58: Agriculture, 59 ; Cattle, 59; Mines, 59. Province of CONCEPCION, 59 ; Its boundaries, 59; Towns, 59; Fertility, 

 60 ; Agricultural products, 61 ; Wine, 61 ; Timber, 61 ; Mines, 61 ; Coal, 62 ; Exports, 62 ; Flour-mills, 63. Province of ARAO- 

 CANIA, 63; Its limits, 63; The people, 63; Physical divisions of the province, 64; Sketch of the natural features along the two 

 roads that traverse the country, 65; Physiological description of the inhabitants, 67 ; Their dwellings, 68 ; Agriculture and pro- 

 bable mineral wealth, 68. Province of VALDIVIA, 68; Its boundaries, 69 ; Towns, 69 ; Small amount of cultivated land, GU; 

 German colonists, 70; Agricultural products, 70; Mines, 70; Forests, 70; Commerce, 71. Province of CHILOK, 71; Its 

 boundaries, 71 ; Towns, 72; Chonos archipelago, 73; Forests, 73; Cultivation, 74 ; Apple orchards, 74; Shell-fish, 74; Mines, 

 75 ; Manufactures, 75 ; Commerce, 75. Statistics of population and mortality for each department of the republic, 76. 



CHAPTEE III. 



THE CLIMATE. 



Does climate influence the moral and physical energies of man ? 78 ; Probable change in Chile, as agriculture is more gene- 

 rally extended, 79; WINTER at Santiago, 79 ; Zodiacal light, 80; Winter at Valparaiso, 81 ; Winter north of latitude 33 S., 82 ; 

 Extraordinary dryness and transparency of the air, 82; Winter at Valdivia, 83; At the Island of Chiloe, 83; SPRING at Santi- 

 ago, 84 ; Thunder-storms, 84 ; Aurora australis, 85; Progress of vegetation, 85; Pressure, temperature, and moisture at Santiago, 

 daring tfce rammer, 86; Radiation, 80 ; Huil-stonn, b7 ; Periodical winds. 87 ; Clear atmosphere, 87; SUMMER on the coast, 88 ; 

 A i (.'o.|uinil(o, 88 ; At Conception, 68 ; At Valdivia, 89 ; At Chil...-, !H ; AUTUMN at Santiago, 90 ; Indian summer, 9<; Meteors 

 91 ; Sunbeams, 91 ; Red snow, 91 ; Climate not favorable to longevity, 'J,'. 



