DISTRIBUTION OF INDUSTRIAL RESOURCES. 67 



among whom, thut nn.l<-r < -..nti-ul of Paynemal numbers at leant five hundred warriors. He is 

 t.) In- ..wiiri <>!' many horses ami v.-ry large herds of cattle. Bordering hi tribe are the 

 ami tiirlml.Mit Oholoholf and the Boroanos. The latter call tln-m^-lves Uin-yue*** 

 Maine they also apply t<> Kumprans, though they seem to have no traditional genealogy to 

 thn>\\ li^ht on the subject. Southwest of these are the Maqueguas; and beyond them, again, 

 the Villariras, whose mineral wealth was concealed at the approach of the Spaniards, and 

 on whose lands remain intact the ruins of a city meet fate for the avaricious presumption 

 of its sponsors. Finally, we meet with the Pelecauhuin and Petrusquen tribes, both of whom 

 are under the influence of the missionaries and the commissariat of the garrisons in Valdivia. 

 There can be no doubt that these last people are descendants of the Ounces and Huilli-ches, 

 who responded to the calls of the Araucanians, bore an active part in the destruction of 

 the seven cities, effectively resisted the rebuilding of Osorno, and no later than the close 

 of the last century put to death the missionaries on the Rio Bueno. Now, however, much as 

 such estrangement subjects them to enmity, hatred, and persecution, they can no longer be 

 induced to take part with their old allies. 

 Ercilla describes the Araucanians 



' robuatoa, dugbarbadna, 



Bien fonnadoa loa cuerpaa y crecidna ; 



Espaldas grandes, pechoa levantadoa, 



Recioa miembroa, de nerrioa bien formidaa; 



Ajilea, deaenvueltoa, alentadoa. 



Animasos, valientea, atrevidoa, 



I ) urns en el trabajo, aufridorea 



De frio'B mortalea, hambrea y calorea.' 



which, freely rendered, is "robust, though beardless; large, well-formed bodies; broad 

 shoulders and high chests ; pliant muscles and strong limbs ; agile, patient, and daring ; 

 avengers, brave and bold ; persevering in labor ; and sufferers to extremity of mortal cold, 

 hunger, and heat." 



Prof. Domeyko says they are of a tawny and cleaner though less ruddy color than the other 

 native Americans, and have oval faces, with large or middle-sized sprightly eyes ; narrow, 

 arched eyebrows ; generally broader and more prominent noses than those at the north ; pro- 

 jecting lower lips, but well-formed mouths ; in short, the physiognomy assimilates them with 

 the Caucasian rather than the Mongolian race. Their hair is extremely black, thick, coarse, 

 and straight ; and the predominant expression of their features, haughtiness, self-possession, 

 imperturbability. Ordinarily, the title of cacique is by heritage, and among them there are 

 many with features and color wholly European characteristics readily explained by the num- 

 bers of Spanish women who were carried off during the wars, and became valued prizes in the 

 chief's seraglio. The native women are generally short, with oval faces and low foreheads. 

 Their eyes have an expression of timidity and tenderness, and their voices are extremely sweet 

 and plaintive, indicative of misfortune and slavery. They talk half singingly, prolonging the 

 final syllables with a sigh, and high, sharp intonation. Their motions are somewhat crouching, 

 and their dresses conceal all the person but the feet and arms. The hair is divided into two 

 neat plaits, entwined with a multitude of glass beads, and then wound about their low fore- 

 heads in imitation of the head-dresses or turbans of Asiatic women. Strings of beads or little 

 bells to hang about the neck and breast, with a large breastpin of silver, and bead bracelets, 

 are the ornaments most grateful to their taste. When young, many of them are quite hand- 

 some ; but from the fact that they are bought from their parents, and are treated with scarcely 

 more deference than cattle, they are utterly destitute of domestic affection, and when cap- 

 tured during war, have been known to leave their children almost without a tear, and ride off 



* Pronounced Win-gee, in which one tuny trace analogy to " Yen-gees," used by the tribe* of Massachusetts bay. 



