Amphibia. 193 



tection. The toes are webbed, but not so completely as in 

 the frog. The hind limbs are less fully developed, and so 

 the toad merely hops, instead of jumping like the frog. 

 The frog has teeth in the upper jaw only, the toad in 

 neither jaw. The toad lives away from the water ; still it 

 goes to the water to lay its eggs, and the young tadpoles 

 pass through the same stages of development as the frog. 

 The toad lays its eggs in strings, while those of the frog 

 are in masses. The tadpoles of the toad are usually 

 darker than those of the frog. The toad has the same 

 kind of tongue as the frog and catches insects in the same 

 way. The toad is usually of a duller color, corresponding 

 with its surroundings. 



The tree toads or tree frogs are somewhat warty and 

 thus get the name " toads," but they are in a different 

 family from either frogs or toads. They are peculiar in 

 having the tips of the fingers and toes dilated into disks, 

 which adhere and thus aid in climbing. No matter how 

 high and dry they may live in trees, they return to the 

 water to lay their eggs. As is well known, they can 

 change their color through a considerable range, from 

 nearly white to nearly black, in keeping with the surface 

 on which they are resting. The hind limbs are elongated 

 as in other frogs, but, since they jump little, if any, the 

 muscles of these limbs are slightly developed, making 

 them slender instead of strong and muscular. 



Though the larynx is poorly developed, nearly all the 

 frogs and toads have voices. The males have louder voices, 

 and most of these are well known, from the faint " peep " 

 of the little frogs and the shrill "trill" of the tree toad to 

 the heavy bass notes of the bullfrog. 



Some Peculiar Forms of Development. In some of the islands of 

 the ocean where there are no marshes, the development is direct, the 



