no Practical Zoology. 



6. Bend the leg up close to the body in the position it has when 

 the bird settles on its perch. What effect has this on the toes? 

 Note the position of the toes when the leg is straightened. 



THE TAIL. 



1. Count the quills of the tail; spread the tail to see their 

 mode of overlapping ; make a diagram to show their mode of 

 overlapping as seen from behind ; compare the middle and outer 

 tail feathers. 



2. The feathers which lap over the base of the tail are the 

 upper and lower tail coverts. 



3. Raise the upper tail coverts to find the conical tip of the 

 outlet of the oil gland ; press the oil gland to get a drop of oil. 



4. In front of the lower tail coverts is the anus. 



THE WINGS. 



1. Feel of the wing to make out the division into arm, fore- 

 arm, and hand. 



2. The foremost angle of the wing is called the bend of the wing. 

 To what part of your arm does this bend of the wing correspond ? 

 Just outside of the bend of the wing find the false wing, a cluster 

 of short quills, borne on the thumb. 



3. The long quills borne on the hand are the primaries ; count 

 them. The quills on the forearm are the secondaries ; count them. 

 When quills are found on the arm, they are called tertiaries. 



4. The shorter feathers which overlap these quills above and 

 below are the upper and lower wing coverts. 



5. Extend the wing; compare its upper and lower surfaces; 

 observe the shape of the quills, and the way they overlap one 

 another ; put all these facts together and consider their effect in 

 the down stroke of the wing. What is the result of this arrange- 

 ment when the wing is moved quickly upward ? 



6. Extend the wing and hold it squarely in front of your face. 

 Send a quick puff of breath squarely against the under surface of 





