12 



ARMY, CONFEDERATE. 



twelve thousand men were collected at Little 

 Rock in answer to the call of the governor, but 

 were very destitute of arms. The State records, 

 however, had been removed to Arkadelphia. 



After Gen. Curtis had occupied Helena, the 

 Federal Government appointed John S. Phelps 

 of Missouri military governor, and Col. Wm. 

 F. Switzler secretary for Arkansas. He left 

 St. Louis on Aug. 19, for Helena. It was con- 

 templated at this time that a movement on 

 Little Rock would be made. This however 

 was not done, and the office of governor be- 

 came of little importance. Two regiments 

 were organized at Helena, composed of citizens 

 of Arkansas ; they were chiefly men who had 

 suffered in consequence of their attachment to 

 the Union, and were refugees. 



The legislative proceedings in Arkansas 

 possess little interest. An act was passed im- 

 posing a tax of thirty dollars per bale on cotton. 

 The object was to favor the cultivation of grain 

 and to discourage that of cotton. 



At the State election in August, Flanagan was 

 chosen governor. The opposing candidate was 

 Governor Rector. On the day of inauguration 

 the 1st Monday in November, the governor 

 elect being absent in the army, the duties of the 

 office devolved upon Mr. Fletcher, the president 

 of the senate. An animated contest took place 

 between B. C. Johnson and Augustus H. Gar- 

 land for the senatorship in the Confederate 

 Congress. Mr. Johnson was elected. 



The loss of all communication with the North 

 and foreign countries, stimulated the domestic 

 manufactures of the State. At the close of the 

 year there was in operation a tobacco factory 

 at Burtonville ; a large cotton factory in Wash- 

 ington county ; another for cotton and wool at 

 Van Buren, Crawford county, another at Nor- 

 ristown, Pope county ; another in Pike county. 

 Large saltpetre works were set up in Newton 

 county; and in Independence county some fine 

 caves of the same article were mined. Lead 

 mines in Newton and Sevier counties were 

 worked. Salt was made on the White river, and 

 also near the Louisiana State line. Works on 

 the Washita, with an unlimited supply of brine, 

 commenced vigorous operations. A cannon 

 foundery was at work at Camden ; two foun- 

 deries at Little Rock were at work, one of which 

 furnishes grapeshot for the army. At Hope- 

 field, opposite Memphis, the machine shop of 

 the Memphis and Little Rock railroad was 

 turned into an armory for altering and repair- 

 ing guns. Several extensive tanneries were com- 

 menced in various parts of the State. The State 

 arsenal at Little Rock was converted into an 

 armory for the use of the Confederate Govern- 

 ment. At the State penitentiary, gun carriages, 

 caissons, wagons, boots and shoes, clothing, and 

 other material for the army were manufactured. 

 ARMY, CONFEDERATE. The policy usu- 

 ally adopted by countries between which hos- 

 tilities exist, to conceal from each other not only 

 their military plans, but especially the strength 

 of the forces by which they are to be executed, 



has been very carefully pursued by the Con- 

 federate Government. No precise' statement 

 of its forces in the field has ever been pub- 

 lished, or any such details as would enable the 

 United States Government to form an accurate 

 estimate of their numbers. In all the military 

 operations of the Confederate States, large, and 

 probably exaggerated statements of the num- 

 bers of men have been made before action, 

 which have been greatly reduced after a con- 

 flict. It is also impossible for the most un- 

 prejudiced observer to form a correct estimate 

 of the numbers of men from the mere appear- 

 ance of an army. These circumstances have 

 rendered it difficult to state with precision the 

 number of Southern troops which have been 

 actually brought into service. The entire white 

 population of the States comprising the Confed- 

 eracy, by the census of 1860, was as follows: 



Alabama 526,431 



Arkansas 824,191 



Florida 77,748 



Georgia 591,5S8 



Louisiana 357,629 



Mississippi 853.901 



North Carolina 631,100 



South Carolina 291.3S8 



Tennessee S26.782 



Texas 421,294 



Virginia 1,047,411 



Total 5,449,463 



This statement of the population includes the 

 whole of Virginia and the whole of Tennessee. 

 A statement of the population made in the 

 Confederate States, for an estimate of the ef- 

 fects of conscription embraces only one half of 

 Virginia, and two thirds of Tennessee. A state- 

 ment, however, including all of Virginia and 

 Tennessee, and excluding aid received from 

 Kentucky and Missouri, somewhat exceeds the 

 available force of the Confederate Government. 

 According to the census of 1850 the population 

 of the* United States between the ages of eighteen 

 and thirty-five was fifteen per cent, of the ag- 

 gregate population. Under this ratio the males 

 between those ages in the Confederate States, 

 by the census of 1860, were 817,419. The esti- 

 mate made in the Confederate States on this 

 basis was for a white population of 5,015,618. 

 The number between the ages of eighteen and 

 thirty-five was put at 752,342. It was also 

 estimated that the volunteers offering who were 

 not embraced in these ages, together with those 

 from Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri, would 

 make the aggregate soldiery of the Confederacy 

 reach the number of 800,000. It has been 

 generally supposed that the number of volun- 

 teers under eighteen and over thirty-five, in- 

 cluding also those from Kentucky and Missouri, 

 was large. The Confederate estimates make it 

 about 50,000. From the male population be 

 tween the ages of eighteen and thirty-five in 

 1860, amounting to 817,419 if the entire popu- 

 lation of the States which have joined the Con- 

 federacy is estimated ; and amounting to 752,342 

 if only the population is estimated, which was 

 under the control of the Confederate Govern- 

 ment on the 16th of April, when the conscrip- 



