10 



ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.' 



ARKANSAS. 



Some expeditions were made by bodies of 

 Federal troops to towns in the northern part 

 of the State, during which many skirmishes 

 occurred. The town of Athens was one of 

 the last in this part of the State to accede to 

 the Confederacy. The threats of devasta- 

 tion by the neighboring town caused this 

 change. Subsequently a body of Federal toops 

 belonging to the brigade of Col. Turchin, were 

 retiring from the town, about the 10th of May, 

 when some of the citizens cheered. The sol- 

 diers becoming provoked returned, and made a 

 general onslaught upon the community ; stores 

 were sacked and dwellings plundered. The 

 affair was subsequently investigated by a court- 

 martial at Huntsville, and a verdict found dis- 

 missing Col. Turchin from service. Previous 

 to the session of the court a commission ap- 

 pointing him a brigadier-general was issued 

 by President Lincoln. On the 25th of July, a 

 guard at Courtland bridge, consisting of two 

 Federal companies of the 10th Kentucky and 

 one company of the 1st Ohio cavalry, were 

 surprised and captured by a force of irregular 

 cavalry. Some other small affairs occurred 

 between the irregular troops of the State and 

 outposts of the Federal forces. 



The tax imposed by the Confederate Gov- 

 ernment in 1861, amounting to two millions of 

 dollars, was paid by the State, and the Legis- 

 lature also passed an act to guarantee the pay- 

 ment of a million and a half of Confederate 

 bonds, and recommended a similar measure to 

 the other states of the Confederacy. 



ARGENTINE REPUBLIC, THE, is bounded 

 on the north by Bolivia, on the east by the Para- 

 guay and Uruguay rivers, south by the Atlantic 

 and Rio Negro, and west by Chili. It lies be- 

 tween the 20th and 40th parallels of S. latitude 

 and 56th and 70th degrees of W. longitude, and 

 contains about 780,000 square miles. President, 

 General Bartolomeo Mitre, elected 1862. Ever 

 since the overthrow of the rule of the Dictator 

 Rosas in 1853, the Argentine Republic has been 

 a prey to internal dissensions. There were two 

 great parties. The one, the old Federal party, 

 sought to impart a kind of organization to the 

 Argentine nationality, and succeeded for a mo- 

 ment in rallying upon this platform all the prov- 

 inces save that of Buenos Ayres. The other 

 party, the old Unitarians, had its centre in Bue- 

 nos Ayres, which for some time maintained a 

 separate existence. The constitution of the 

 Argentine Confederacy was adopted in May, 

 1853, and provided for two chambers, a senate 

 consisting of 30 members, and a house of rep- 

 resentatives counting 51 deputies. Buenos 

 Ayres was again united with the Argentine 

 Republic by the peace of San Jose de Flores, 

 Nov. 10, 1859, and by the act of union con- 

 cluded June 6, 1860, at Parana. Hostilities be- 

 tween Buenos Ayres and the Argentine Con- 

 federacy recommenced in 1861. On Sept. 17. 

 1861, Gen. Mitre, of Buenos Ayres, defeated 

 the Argentine troops at Pavon. In consequence 

 of this victory, the President of the Argentine 



Republic, Dr. Santiago Derqui, abdicated the 

 presidency, and the national government was 

 provisionally intrusted to General Mitre, who 

 was charged with convoking a national congress 

 on May 25, 1862, at Buenos Ayres, to which 

 place the diplomatic corps, which had hitherto 

 resided in Parana, transferred its residence. 

 The congress adopted a new constitution, which 

 provided for the federalization of the city of 

 Buenos Ayres, its relation to the Confederacy 

 being made similar to the relation of the District 

 of Columbia to the United States. The province 

 of Buenos Ayres, however, elects a governor, 

 but his jurisdiction is only " extra-mural," the 

 city being exempt from it. The congress elect- 

 ed Gen. Mitre first president of the reunited 

 Argentine Republic, and he was installed on 

 October 14. Since that time the republic has 

 enjoyed a permanent peace, and both the people 

 and the men in power appear intent on peace- 

 ful and industrial improvement. 



The republic, as now constituted, embraces 

 14 provinces, the names, subdivisions, area, and 

 population of which are as follows : 



Besides these provinces, the territory of the 

 republic comprises the district Gran Chaco, 

 with 6, 667 geographical square miles and about 

 100,000 free Indians, and the Southern Desert 

 as far as the Rio Negro, with 8,967 square miles. 



ARKANSAS, one of the southwestern States, 

 is west of the Mississippi river and south of the 

 State of Missouri. Its population, according 

 to the census of 1860, was 435,450, of whom 

 324,191 were whites; free colored, 144 ; slaves, 

 111,115. The ratio of increase from 1850 to 

 1860 was, whites, 99.88; free colored, 81.25; 

 slaves, 135.91. The number of each sex of the 

 white population was : males, 171,447 ; females, 

 152,666. The number of manumitted slaves 

 was 41 ; fugitives, 28. The mortality in the 

 State for the year ending May 31, 1860, was 

 8,860. Consumption, fever, and pneumonia 

 were the most fatal diseases. The number of 

 deaf and dumb in the State was 142, of whom 

 15 were slaves. The product of iron founderies 

 during 1860 was valued at $52,000. The value 

 of sawed and planed lumber, $1,033,185. The 

 number of gallons of spirituous liquors distilled 

 in the year ending June 1, 1860, was 8,500, 

 valued at $6,125. Value of leather produced, 

 $115,375. Number of acres of improved land, 



