8 



AGRICULTURE. 



ALABAMA. 



Among autumn apples the Rambo occupied the 

 highest place, receiving 12 votes, while the Fall 

 Pippin had 10, and the Maiden's Blush 8 ; other 

 favorites, receiving 3 votes each, were the Porter, 

 Gravenstein, Lowell, Late Strawberry, and Fall 

 Wine. Of sweet fall apples none but the Jersey 

 Sweeting was named. Of winter apples, the 

 Yellow 13ellfiower received the most votes, and 

 next in order, having 5 votes each, were the 

 Rhode Island Greening and the Belmont ; then 

 followed the Westfield Seek-no-further, Rawle's 

 Janet, the Wine Sap, Smith's Cider, and Rome 

 Beauty. The Broadwell and Talman Sweet- 

 ing were the favorite sweet apples. 



From Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, and Utah, 9 

 reports were received. In summer apples the 

 Early Harvest, Red Astrachan, and Carolina 

 Red June were the favorites, while the Kes- 

 wick Codlin had 3 votes. Of sweet summer 

 apples the High Top was the only one named. 

 In autumn apples the Rambo, as generally 

 throughout the Middle and Western States, 

 takes the lead, followed by the Maiden's Blush, 

 Fameuse, and Fall Pippin, while the Pumpkin 

 Sweet is preferred as a fall sweet apple. 

 Among winter apples the Yellow Bellflower is 

 the prime favorite, and after this in their or- 

 der Rawle's Janet, the Wine Sap, Westfield 

 Seek-no-further, and Golden Russet. Talman's 

 Sweeting is the only winter sweet apple named. 



From Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and 

 Minnesota five reports were received. Of 

 summer apples, the Early Harvest, as every- 

 where else, was first. After this the Carolina 

 Red June and the Red Astrachan, and for a 

 sweet apple the Sweet Bough. Of autumn ap- 

 ples, none save the Gravenstein was named. 

 Among winter apples, Rawle's Janet occupied 

 the first place, and after it the Yellow Bell- 

 flower, Wine Sap, Fornwalder, Limber Twig, 

 and Pryor's Red. 



Taking the whole country, the following ap- 

 plesvseem to be most generally approved and 

 adapted to all the varieties of climate: for 

 summer apples the Early Harvest, Red Astra- 

 chan and Sweet Bough ; for autumn the Fall 

 Pippin, Porter, Gravenstein, and Rambo; for 

 winter the Baldwin and the Rhode Island 

 Greening. 



A few other varieties, more lately introduced, 

 but possessing high merit, receiving only single 

 votes in these reports, are yet worthy to be 

 named. Among these are the Early Bough 

 and the Summer Paradise among the summer 

 apples ; the Willis Sweeting, and the Fall 

 Orange among the autumn varieties ; the Van- 

 dervere, an apple of admirable flavor, the 

 Prentiss Russet, and the Moore and Pound 

 Sweetings among the winter apples. 



A similar, though less extensive canvass in 

 regard to pears, gives this result, the pears be- 

 ing named in the order of their value : Stand- 

 ards Bartlett, Flemish Beauty, Lawrence, 

 Benrre Clairgeau, Beurre Giffard, Rostiezer, 

 Winter Nelis and Beurre Superfin. Dwarfs 

 Louise Bonne de Jersey, Rostiezer, Duchess 



D'Angouleme, White Doyenne, Beurre Diel, 

 Eastern Beurre, Fondante D'Automne, Beurre 

 D'Anjou, Vicar of Wakefield, Winter Nelis, Ty- 

 son, Kirtland, Doyenne, D'Ete, Seckel, Flemish 

 Beauty, Bartlett, and Glout Morceau. 



In grapes, the following seems to be the ver- 

 dict of the best grape growers : North of lat. 

 43 the best wine grapes are the Delaware and 

 Clinton ; the best table grapes, the Delaware, 

 Hartford Prolific, Concord and Logan. Be- 

 tween 40 and 43, for wine, the Delaware, 

 Chester, and Catawba ; for the table, the Dela- 

 ware, Rebecca, Diana, and Isabella 1 . South of 

 40, for wine, the Catawba and Delaware ; for 

 the table, the Delaware, Catawba, Rebecca, Di- 

 ana, Isabella, and To Kalon. In strawberries, 

 there is much diversity of opinion ; but the pre- 

 vailing sentiment seems to be in favor, for fam- 

 ily use, of the Triomphe de Gand, Hooker's, 

 and Wilson's seedlings. Other varieties may 

 be better for market purposes. 



ALABAMA, one of the States bounded on the 

 south by the Gulf of Mexico contains, an area 

 of 50,722 square miles and in this respect is 

 the fourteenth in comparative size. In pop- 

 ulation it is the thirteenth in rank, containing 

 964,201, of whom 526,431 are whites, 2,690 

 free colored, and 435,080 slaves. Of the 

 whites 270,190 are males; 256,081 females; of 

 the slaves 217,766 are males and 217,314 fe- 

 males. In density of population it is the twen- 

 tieth in rank, having 19.01 inhabitants to the 

 square mile. Its ratio of increase per square 

 mile, during the last ten years, has been 3.80. 

 The number of slaves manumitted during the 

 ten years preceding 1860 was 101, and the 

 number of fugitives was 36. The mortality in 

 the State during the year ending May 31st, 

 1860, was 12,760, of whom 6,753 were males, 

 and 6,007 females. The most fatal diseases 

 were consumption, croup, diarrhoea, typhoid 

 fever, and pneumonia. The number of violent 

 deaths was 549 males and 356 females, nearly 

 all of which were accidental. Deaf and dumb, 

 235. The value produced in iron founderies 

 during the same period was $142,480; coal 10,- 

 000 bushels ; value of lumber produced $2,017,- 

 641. Flour and meal, $807,502. Spirituous 

 liquors distilled, 528,800 gallons. Capital invest- 

 ed in cotton manufactures, $1,306,500; Spindles 

 28,540, looms 663; annual products, $917,105. 

 Capital invested in the manufacture of woollen 

 goods, $100,000; spindles, 1,000; looms, 20. 

 Annual products, $218,000. Value of leather 

 produced, $340,400. The improved lands 

 amount to 6,462,987 acres and the unimproved 

 12,687,913 acres. The cash value of farms is 

 $172,176,168; value of live stock, $43,061,805. 

 The crop of cotton amounted in 1860 to 997,- 

 998 bales of four hundred pounds each. Wheat, 

 1,222,487 bushels; rye, 73,942; corn, 32,761,- 

 194; oats, 716,435; rice, 499,559 pounds; 

 tobacco, 221, 284 pounds; wool, 681,404 pounds. 

 Miles of railroads, 743 ; cost of construction, 

 $17,591,188. 



The amount of cotton received at Mobile, the 



