ARMY OPERATIONS. 



49 



pounder, 41, and 32-poi.nder, 4. Each piece should 

 fire once ever}' five or six minutes after the elevation 

 has been established, charge to remain the same. 

 This battery should breach the works in the pancoupe 

 between the south and southeast faces, and the em- 

 brasure next to it in the southeast face. The steel 

 scraper for the grooves should be used after every fifth 

 or sixth discharge. 



Battery Totten (four 10-inch siee"? mortars, 1,6S5 

 yards from the work) opens fire immediately after Bat- 

 tery Sigel, firing each piece about once in five minutes ; 

 charge of mortar, 3? Ibs. ; charge of shell, 3 Ibs. : ele- 

 vation, 45.; and length of fuse, ISi". The charge 

 of mortar and length of fuse vary, so as to explode the 

 shell over the northeast and southeast faces of the work. 



If any battery should be unmasked outside the work 

 Battery Totten "should direct its fire upon it, varying 

 the charge of mortars and leugth of fuse accordingly. 



The fire from each battery will cease at dark, except 

 especial directions be given to the contrary. 



A signal officer at Battery Scott, to observe the effects 

 of the 13-inch shells, will be in communication with 

 other signal officers stationed near Batteries Stanton, 

 Grant, and Sherman, in order to determine the range 

 for these batteries in succession. 



By order of Brig. -Gen. Q. A. GILMORE. 



Before the bombardment was commenced on 

 the 10th, the fort was summoned to surrender. 

 The following is the correspondence : 



HEADQUARTERS DEPABTMENT OP THE SOUTH, ) 

 TTBEE ISLAXD, GA., April lo. 1S02. ) 



To tTie Commanding Officer, Fort Pulaski : 



SIR : I hereby demand of you the immediate surren- 

 der and restoration of Fort Pulaski to the authority and 

 possession of the United States. 



This demand is made with a view to avoiding, if pos- 

 sible, the effusion of blood which must result from the 

 bombardment and attack now in readiness to be opened. 



The number, caliber, and completeness of the bat- 

 teries surrounding you, leave no doubt as to what must 

 result in case of refusal : and as the defence, however 

 obstinate, must eventually succumb to the assailing 

 force at my disposal, it is hoped you will see fit to avert 

 the useless waste of life. 



This communication will be carried to you under a 

 flag of truce by Lieut. J. H. Wilson, United States Ar- 

 my, who is authorized to wait any period not exceeding 

 thirty minutes from delivery for your answer. 



I have the honor to be, sfr, your most obedient ser- 

 vant, DAVID HUNTER, 



Major-General Commanding. 



Gen. Hunter had been placed in command 

 of the Federal forces, and Gen. Sherman, be- 

 fore completing the enterprises he had com- 

 menced, was recalled. The Confederate com- 

 mander of the fort replied to this demand as 

 follows : 



FOET PCLASKI, April 10, 1S62. 



Jfaj.-Gen. David Hunter, commanding on Tybee Island: 

 SIB : I have to acknowledge receipt of your commu- 



nication of this date, demanding the unconditional sur- 



render of Fort Pulaski. 



In reply I can only say that I am here to defend the 



fort, not to surrender it." 

 I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obe- 



dient servant, CHAS. H. OLMSTEA'D, 



Colonel First Volunteer regiment of 

 Georgia, commanding post. 



On this refusal, and at twenty-three minutes 

 of eight o'clock in the morning the fire was open- 

 ed. Three minutes after the fort replied from a 

 10-inch barbette gun, and soon after the firing 

 became general on both sides. After eighteen 

 hours the fort was breached in the southeast 



VOL. II. 4 



angle, and at the moment of surrender, 2 o'clock 

 p. M. of the llth, preparations had been com- 

 menced for storming. Forty-seven guns, a 

 great supply of fixed ammunition, forty thou- 

 sand pounds of powder, and large quantities 

 of commissary stores, and three hundred and 

 sixty prisoners were taken. 



It was expected at Savannah that an attack 

 would be immediately made upon Fort Jackson, 

 ' to be followed by its surrender, and that of the 

 city also. Nothing of the kind, however, was 

 contemplated. The Union commander was in 

 no condition to underteke such an enterprise, 

 and actually was obliged to content himself 

 with holding what had been acquired. The 

 possession of Fort Pulaski prevented any fur- 

 ther attempts to run the blockade into Sa- 

 vannah by the mouth of the river. 



While these operations had been going on 

 against Fort Pulaski, the other portion of the 

 military and naval forces at Hilton Head had 

 not been idle. On the 28th of February Com. 

 Dupont sailed from Port Royal in the steam 

 frigate Wabash, accompanied by the following 

 vessels : Ottawa, Mohican, Ellen, Seminole, 

 Pawnee, Pocahontas, Flag, Florida, James 

 Adger, Bienville, Alabama, Key Stone State, 

 Seneca, Huron, Pembina, Isaac Smith, Pen- 

 guin, Potomska. armed cutter Henrietta, armed 

 transport McClellan, the latter having on board 

 the battalion of marines under the command 

 of Maj. Reynolds, and the transports Empire 

 City. Marion, Star of the South, Belvidere, 

 Boston, and George's Creek, conveying a bri- 

 gade under the command of Brig.-Gen. Wright. 



On the 2d of March the expedition came to 

 anchor in St. Andrew's Sound, and on the next 

 morning a portion of the gunboats and trans- 

 ports, under Commander Dray ton. proceeded 

 down Cumberland Sound toward Fernandina 

 on the north extremity of Amelia Island. Cum- 

 berland Sound is the passage between Cumber- 

 land Island and the mainland. Amelia Island 

 is next in order below Cumberland Island ; the 

 north point of the former and the south point 

 of the latter being nearly opposite. The re- 

 mainder of the fleet proceeded down outside to 

 the entrance between Cumberland and Amelia 

 Islands. The object of sending a portion of the 

 fleet through Cumberland Sound was to turn 

 the works on the south end of Cumberland 

 and the north end of Amelia Islands. The 

 enemy having received information of the expe- 

 dition, abandoned their works on its approach 

 and retired. Fort Clinch on Amelia Island was 

 taken possession of and garrisoned. The town 

 of Fernandina, which was almost deserted, was 

 occupied by the Union force, and a small steam 

 boat loaded with stores was overtaken and 

 captured. The Confederate force stationed at 

 Fernandina consisted of the 4th Florida, Col. 

 Hopkins, with a number of companies of caval- 

 ry and light artillery. Reconnoitring expedi- 

 tions were sent out in different directions with 

 successful results. New Fernandina on Amelia 

 Island, about a mile and a half from Old Fer- 



