144 



AEMY OPERATIONS. 



could not maintain his advantage, and was 

 obliged to withdraw from the extreme position 

 which he had gained near Sharpsburg to one 

 slightly in rear of it. He, however, held his 

 bank of the river completely, and maintained 

 much ground beyond it which he had taken 

 from the enemy. During the advance on the 

 left Gen. Rodman was wounded. 



The Federal artillery is represented to have 

 played an important part during this battle. 



Notwithstanding substantial and decided suc- 

 cesses of the day, the Federal forces had suffer- 

 ed so severely during the conflict, having lost 

 11,426 in killed and wounded, and among 

 them many general and superior officers, 

 that it was deemed prudent by Gen. McClellan 

 to reorganize and give rest and refreshment to 

 the troops before renewing -the attack. The 

 18th was accordingly devoted to those objects. 

 On the night of the 18th, however, Gen. Lee 

 withdrew his forces hastily across the Poto- 

 mac, abandoning further contest with the 

 Union forces, and yielding all hope of further 

 remaining on the Maryland soil. 



The Confederate army is supposed to have 

 lost nearly 30,000 men during its brief cam- 

 paign in Maryland. The Federal forces cap- 

 tured 39 colors, 13 guns, more than 15,000 

 small arms, and more than 6,000 prisoners. 



On the 20th, Harper's Ferry was evacuated 

 by the Confederate troops, which fell back in 

 the direction of Charlestown and "Winchester. 

 Gen. McClellan took a position along the left 

 bank of the Potomac, and active movements 

 were suspended for a short time in order to 

 prepare for a vigorous advance. 



Early in June the guerilla operations became 

 troublesome in some of the lower counties of 

 Kentucky. At Madisonville, in Hopkins coun- 

 ty, a descent was made by a small body of 

 them at night. The county clerk's office was 

 broken open and the records of the court car- 

 ried off or destroyed. In other cases horses 

 and other property were taken. Their own 

 friends, equally with Union citizens, were rob- 

 bed. In Jessamine, Mercer, Boyle, and Gar- 

 rard counties bridges over the streams were 

 burned. On the 5th of July Lebanon was 

 taken. It is at the termination of the Lebanon 

 branch of the Louisville and Nashville road. 

 About the same time Murfreesborough in Ten- 

 nessee was captured by a strong guerilla force 

 under Ool. Forrest. Vigorous opposition was 

 however made by the small body of Federal 

 troops stationed there. The 9th Michigan re- 

 giment, however, was captured entirely by sur- 

 prise, with Brig.-Gens. Duffield and Crittenden, 

 of Indiana. On the I v 8th of July an attack 

 was made by Col. John Morgan on a small 

 Federal force stationed at Cynthiana, Ky. 

 Subsequently ho was overtaken near Paris by 

 Gen. Green C. Smith and defeated. About 

 the same time Henderson was occupied by citi- 

 zens of Kentucky and other States, acting the 

 part of guerillas, and the hospital and other 

 stores carried off". At the same time Newburg, 



in Indiana, on the Ohio river, was occupied by 

 a band from Kentucky. They soon, however, 

 left. The activity of the bands under Col. 

 Morgan produced a great excitement in the in- 

 terior of the State. Many towns were visited 

 and much plunder obtained. It had been his 

 conviction that large numbers of the citizens 

 would flock to his standard. In this he was 

 greatly mistaken, and the indifference and hos- 

 tility of the people, together with the prepara- 

 tions to resist him, checked his movements. 

 Active operations continued in Tennessee, 

 whither Col. Morgan retired. Clarksville was 

 captured with large military stores, and about 

 the 22d of August a considerable body of Con- 

 federate cavalry attacked the Federal force at 

 Gallatin, and after a severe contest repulsed 

 the latter. 



The increase of guerilla operations in Ken- 

 tucky about the 1st of September, with the 

 manifestations of the existence of a Confederate 

 force, indicated some hostile movements. It 

 was soon known that the Confederate general E. 

 Kirby Smith was approaching from Knoxville 

 in Tennessee. On the 22d of August he left 

 Jacksborough with a train of one hundred and 

 fifty wagons, and passed through Big Creek 

 Gap. So difficult were some parts of the route 

 in Tennessee that for two or three days the 

 rear of the trains was only able to reach at 

 night the point from which the advance started 

 in the morning. Rations failed, and the men 

 were obliged for several days to subsist on 

 green corn. Hungry, thirsty, footsore, and 

 choking with dust, his men marched steadily 

 on to a land of plenty. The ordnance stores 

 were brought safely through without the loss 

 of a wagon. On Saturday, August 30, a battle 

 took place between his forces and a Federal 

 force near Richmond, Ky., in which the latter 

 were defeated. Richmond is the capital of 

 Madison county, situated about fifty miles 

 south-southeast of Frankfort, the capital of 

 the State. The Federal force there consisted 

 of one Ohio regiment and five Indiana regi- 

 ments and part of a sixth, two Kentucky regi- 

 ments, all raw troops, and a squadron of Ken- 

 tucky cavalry, under the command of Brig.- 

 Gens. Mahlon D. Manson and Crufts, with nine 

 field pieces. ' It made an attack upon this Con- 

 federate column under Gen. Smith at Rogers- 

 ville about four miles from Richmond, and after 

 a severe battle, continuing from six o'clock in 

 the morning until night, it was entirely defeat- 

 ed, with a large number killed and wounded 

 and with the loss of eight field pieces. Gen. 

 Nelson, who had come from Lexington, arrived 

 at the commencement of the retreat, and en- 

 deavored to rally the troops, was wounded and 

 obliged to retire. At that time the Legislature 

 of the State was in session, and it met on Sun- 

 day evening, and passed resolutions adjourning 

 to Louisville, &c. The archives of the State 

 and about one million of treasure from the 

 banks of Richmond, Lexington, and Frankfort 

 were transferred during the night to Louisville. 



