ARMY OPERATIONS. 



145 



At the same time the governor of the State is- 

 sued the following proclamation : 



FBANKFOBT, KT., August 31, 1862. 

 To the People of Kentucky: 



A crisis "has arisen in the history of the common- 

 wealth which demands of every loyal citizen of Ken- 

 tucky prompt and efficient action. The State has been 

 invaded by an insolent foe, her honor insulted, her 

 peace disturbed, and her integrity imperilled. The 

 small but gallant army, raised upon the emergency of 

 the occasion for her defence, under the brave and chiv- 

 alric Nelson, has met with a temporary reverse, and 

 the enemy is advancing for the accomplishment of his 

 purpose the subjugation of the State. He must be 

 met and driven from our border, and it is in your 

 power to do so. I, therefore, as Governor of the Com- 

 monwealth, deem it my duty to call upon every loyal 

 citizen of Kentucky to rally to the defence of the State ; 

 not a moment is to be lost. I appeal to you as Ken- 

 tuckians, as worthy sons of those who rescued the dark 

 and bloody ground from savage barbarity, by the mem- 

 ories of the past of your history, and by the future of 

 your fame, if you are but true to yourselves, to rise in 

 the majesty of your strength and drive the insolent in- 

 vader of your soil from your midst. Now is the time 

 for Kentuckians to defend themselves. Each man 

 must constitute himself a soldier, arm himself as best 

 he can, and meet the foe at every step of his advance. 

 The day and the hour, the safety of your homes and 

 firesides, patriotism and duty, alike demand that you 

 rush to the rescue. I call upon the people, then, to 

 rise up as one man, and strike a blow for the defence 

 of their native land, their property, and their homes. 

 Rally to the standard, wherever it may be nearest, 

 place yourselves under the commanders, obey orders, 

 trust to your own right arm and the God of battle, and 

 the foe will be driven back, discomfited and annihilat- 

 ed. To arms ! to arms ! ! and never lay them down 

 till the Stars and Stripes float in triumph throughout 

 Kentucky. I but perform my duty in thus summon- 

 ing you to the defence of your State, and I am assured 

 that it will be promptly responded to. I promise that 

 I will share with you the glory of the triumph which 

 surely awaits you. 



Done in the" city of Frankfort, this 31 st day of Au- 

 gust, 1862. 



(Signed) JAMES F. ROBINSON. 



By the Governor, 

 D. C. WICKLIFFE, Secretary of State. 



On the 2d the Confederate advance guard 

 entered Lexington. All the Government stores 

 had been previously safely removed. The stock 

 of horses and mules had also been sent off, and 

 all the cars withdrawn from the railroad. 



In explanation of the object of the invasion, 

 Gen. Smith issued the following proclamation : 



KENTUCKIANS : The army of the Confederate States 

 has again entered your territory under my command. 



Let no one make you believe we come as invaders, 

 to coerce your will, or to exercise control over your 

 soil. Far from it. The principle we maintain is.'that 

 government derives its just powers from the consent 

 of the governed. 



I shall enforce the strictest discipline, in order that 

 the property of citizens and non-combatants may be 

 protected. I shall be compelled to procure subsistence 

 for my troops among you, and this shall be paid for. 



Kentuckians : We come not as invaders, but libera- 

 tors. We invoke the spirit of your resolutions of 

 1798. We come to arouse you from the lethargy 

 which enshrouds your free thought, and forebodes the 

 political death of your State. 



We come to test the truth of what we believe to be a 

 foul aspersion, that Kentuckians willingly join the at- 

 tempt to subjugate us, and to deprive us of our proper- 

 ty, our liberty, and our dearest rights. 



We come to strike off the chains which are riveted 

 upon you. We call upon you to unite your arms, and 

 VOL. 1L-10 



join with us in hurling back from our fair and sunny 

 plains the Northern hordes who would deprive us of 

 our liberty, that they may enjoy our substance. 



Are we deceived? Can you treat us as enemies? 

 Our hearts answer NO ! E. KIRBY SMITH, 



Major-General C. S. A. 



On the 6th Frankfort, the capital of the 

 State, was quietly occupied by about fifteen 

 hundred Confederate cavalry. The govern- 

 ment of the city was reorganized, and recruit- 

 ing stations opened. The guerilla force, under 

 Col. Morgan, also joined Gen. Smith. 



Meanwhile, on the first approach of the Cor. 

 federate force toward Lexington, excitement 

 commenced in Cincinnati, and preparations for 

 defence began to be made. Gen. Lewis Wal- 

 lace took command of Cincinnati, Covington, 

 and Newport on the 1st of September. Mar- 

 tial law was declared, and on the next day all 

 places of business in Cincinnati were ordered 

 to be closed at nine o'clock in the morning, and 

 the citizens were required to assemble at ten 

 o'clock and organize for defence. The street 

 railroad cars were stopped, and no male citizen 

 was allowed to leave. Preparations to throw 

 up intrenchments and to fortify the city were 

 immediately commenced. This excitement ex- 

 tended into the interior of the State and into 

 the adjoining State of Indiana. The governor 

 of Ohio issued the following proclamation : 



CINCINNATI, September 2, 1862. 

 To the Loyal People of the JRiver Counties: 



Our southern border is threatened with invasion. I 

 have, therefore, to recommend that all the loyal men 

 of your counties at once form themselves into military 

 companies and regiments to beat back the enemy at 

 any and all points he may attempt to invade our State. 

 Gather up all the arms in the country, and furnish 

 yourselves with ammunition for the same. The ser- 

 vice will be of but few days' duration. The soil of 

 Ohio must not be invaded by the enemies of our glori- 

 ous Government. DAVID TOD, Governor. 



About the 1 Oth of June Gen. Buell left Corinth 

 with the main body of his army for Chattanoo- 

 ga. On reaching Huntsville he appointed Gen. 

 Rousseau to command the division of his army 

 previously under Gen. Mitchell, and completely 

 reorganized the state of affairs in that part 

 of his department. Depredations by soldiers 

 were stopped, discipline restored, and order 

 established. His army then took positions 

 at Battle Creek, Huntsville, and McMinnville. 

 At the same time the Confederate general Bragg 

 massed his army at Chattanooga and Knoxville. 

 This was done by suddenly moving his force 

 from Tupello, in Mississippi, through the States 

 of Alabama and Georgia, and thus reaching 

 Chattanooga in advance of Gen. Buell. It was 

 divided into three corps under Maj. -Gens. Wm. 

 J. Hardee, Leonidas Polk, and E. Kirby Smith, 

 each of which numbered about fifteen thousand 

 men. The two former of these officers had 

 been at Corinth, and their forces consisted of 

 some of the troops which evacuated that place, 

 increased by new levies under the conscription 

 law. The division of Gen. Smith was stationed 

 at Knoxville, where it safely remained while 

 Chattanooga was occupied by the corps of 



