200 



BRODIE, B. C. 



BUCKLE, H. T. 



devote themselves almost exclusively to com- 

 mercial industry. Some forty thousand immi- 

 grants have also arrived from Germany and 

 Switzerland, and established a number of colo- 

 nies, of which the most important are th6se of 

 Sao Leopoldo, in the Province of Rio Grande, 

 and Donna Francisca, at Saint Catherine. The 

 Swiss Confederation sent in 1861 a distinguish- 

 ed scholar, M. Tschudi, to examine thoroughly 

 the condition of the colonists, and his report 

 was in the main favorable. Some difficulty arose 

 from the fact that a considerable number of 

 German and Swiss emigrants were Protestants, 

 and the laws of Brazil recognized only the Ro- 

 man Catholic Church ; but the Government 

 has now guaranteed to all the Protestant immi- 

 grants freedom of religion, and even provides 

 for the support of their ministers and teachers, 

 churches, and schools, as soon as the number 

 of colonists in any place has reached four 

 hundred. 



Of immense importance, especially for com- 

 merce, will be the opening of the Amazon, 

 the largest river of the world, to which the 

 Government is devoting great attention. A 

 body of scientific men, provided with the 

 finest instruments, have been employed by 

 the Government for its exploration, and the 

 result of this interesting investigation it is ex- 

 pected will ere long be published. The city of 

 Para is already rapidly progressing. For ten 

 miles up the river from Para the land on the 

 banks appears to be a vast brick kiln, pre- 

 paring bricks for the enlargement of the city. 

 This city has undoubtedly a great future. It 

 is the centre of the whole commerce of the 

 valley, and the climate is of a healthy char- 

 acter. Close to the city spread the virgin for- 

 ests. Sugar cane planted in the valley becomes 

 perennial, and throughout its whole extent all 

 the best medicinal plants in the world grow in 

 profusion. 



The Emperor of Brazil is very popular, and it 

 is hoped that the progress of this vast empire, 

 which seems to be destined to become one of 

 the greatest of the world, may be uninterrupted 

 and rapid. 



BRODIE, STB BENJAMIN COLLINS, baronet, 

 D.C.L., F.R.S., sergeant-surgeon to the queen, 

 an eminent English surgeon, born at "Winters- 

 law, in Wiltshire, in June, 1783, died at Broome- 

 park, Betchworth, Surrey, Oct. 21, 1862. He 

 was the son of Rev. Peter Bellinger Brodie, a 

 learned and able clergyman of the English 

 Church, and received his early education under 

 his father's care. At the age of 16 he was al- 

 ready -a good classical scholar, and having a 

 predilection for the study of medicine, he was 

 sent in 1799 to London to commence his pro- 

 fessional studies at the Ilunterian School of 

 Medicine in Windmill street. After a four 

 years' course in that school he became a pupil 

 of Mr., afterward Sir Everard Home, then one 

 of the most distinguished surgeons in the me- 

 tropolis, in 1803. In 1804, at the age of 21, he 

 gave lectures on anatomy in St. George's Hos- 



pital, and in 1808 became assistant surgeon of 

 that hospital. In 1810 he received the Copley 

 medal for two able papers in the " Philosophi- 

 cal Transactions," and the same year was ap- 

 pointed Croonian lecturer. In 1819 he was 

 elected professor of anatomy and surgery to the 

 Royal College of Surgeons, and in 1822 one of 

 the principal surgeons of St. George's Hos- 

 pital. In 1823, at the age of 40, he occupied 

 the first rank in his profession. In 1830 he was 

 -called to attend George IV. in his last illness, 

 and on the accession of William IV. was ap- 

 pointed sergeant-surgeon to the king. He was 

 created a baronet in 1834. On the accession 

 of Queen Victoria he was appointed sergeant- 

 surgeon, and on her marriage surgeon to the 

 Prince Consort. The Government also recog- 

 nized his ability by placing him on important 

 commissions relative to medical education, the 

 public health, sanitary matters, &c. He was also 

 professor of the Medico-chirurgical Society; pres- 

 ident of the Royal College of Surgeons, member 

 of the Council of the Royal Society, and later, 

 its president, and corresponding member of the 

 Institute of France. Oxford University con- 

 ferred upon him the degree of D.C.L. in 1850. 

 His practice was, as a whole, larger than that 

 of nny other British surgeon, though perhaps 

 not equal in any one year to that of Sir Astley 

 Cooper during two or three of his best years. 

 For nearly 40 years it is said to have exceeded 

 12,000 per annum. Yet amid all his profes- 

 sional labors and cares, increased as they were 

 in the later years of his life by impaired vision, 

 he found time to prepare several works of 

 great value on topics connected with his pro- 

 fession. The principal of these were " Lectures 

 on Diseases of the Urinary Organs ;" " Observa- 

 tions, Pathological and Surgical, on Diseases of 

 the Joints" (both these have passed through 

 numerous editions) ; " Physiological Research- 

 es," reprinted from the "Philosophical Trans- 

 actions in 1851," and " Physiological Inquiries," 

 first published in 1854. He was a skilful phy- 

 sician, and an admirable operator, profoundly 

 versed in anatomy, and in the science as well 

 as the practice of his profession, and withal a 

 genial, generous, and accomplished gentleman. 

 BUCKLE, HENRY THOMAS, an English phi- 

 losopher and -historian, born at Lee, in Kent, 

 Nov. 24, 1822, died in Damascus, Syria, May 

 28, 1862. His father was a wealthy London 

 merchant, and he received an excellent early 

 education under Dr. Holloway at Gordon House, 

 Kentish Town. At the age of sixteen, when 

 asked by his father to name his own reward for 

 the diligent scholarship which had made him 

 the first scholar of his class, he preferred the 

 earnest request to be allowed henceforth to 

 pursue his studies alone. His desire was grant- 

 ed, and thenceforth, with a rare determination 

 and fixedness of purpose, his time was given 

 wholly to earnest study., with the single recre- 

 ation of games of chess, in which he won the 

 reputation of being one of the best players in 

 England. The death of his father occurring in 



