233 



duce the greatest caution in England in respect 

 to the currency. Of the exports of England to 

 the United States in the Lost year the greatest 

 increase has been in linens to the amount of 

 $3,500.000, and the next largest in woollens, 

 both of which have to some extent been more in 

 requisition by reason of the high price of cotton. 

 The tendency to higher rates of money in Eng- 

 land caused also lower rates for goods as well 

 as produce, and aided in swelling the list of 

 American imports. The tariff of July 14, 1862, 

 increased the duties on many articles, to take 

 effect August 1. By the new tariff woollens 

 were charged with 18 cents per lb., and 30 per 

 cent. .-*. Linen goods 30 per cent., 



and cotton goods from If to 5 cents per square 

 yard, and cotton prints 6 cents per yard, and 

 10 per cent, ad valorem' The duty did not, 

 however, raise the amount of revenue as much 

 as was expected. The amount of duties for 

 the port of Xew York was as follows : 



fsfor Cuttonus at Seio York, Jan. 1 to Dec. 31. 



The importation of goods paying duty, and the 

 average duty paid for three years were as follows: 



Thus the apparent increase of duties under 

 the various tariffs during the war has been a 

 little less than 17 per cent, on the value im- 

 ported. Practically the duties were much 

 higher, growing out of the fact that they are to 

 be paid in gold, which rose in premium from 

 June to January. The change wrought by the 

 tariff, and by the depreciation of paper, becomes 

 apparent in comparing the cost of imports in two 

 months, April and December, as follows: 



The three items in April amounted to s4.- 

 315,417, or 36 per cent, of the value of imports 

 paying duty. In December the same items 

 were $6.322,155, or 30 per cent, of the dutiable 

 imports. Under this increasing pressure the 

 value imported declined, and lor the last month 

 in the year the amount received was not much 

 larger than in the corresponding month for 1861. 



The supply of shipping during the year was 

 good, but the circumstances of the war were 



such as to interfere with the course of freights, 

 since the operations of the Confederate cruisers 

 compelled an advance in the insurance for war 

 risks upon American bottoms, and as a conse- 

 quence caused a great demand for foreign ves- 

 sels, of which an unusual number entered Amer- 

 ican ports during the year. 



A large amount of American tonnage was 

 taken into the service of the Federal Govern- 

 ment, and a number of vessels, in consequence 

 of the depredations of the enemy on the ocean, 

 availed themselves of the present state of the 

 English navigation act to get out British regis- 

 The following are among the number of 

 American vessels registered at the port of Liv- 

 erpool : 



This change of nationality in connection with 

 the change from the merchant service to that of 

 the Federal Government, made a considerable 

 difference in the tonnage returns, which for the 

 port of Xew York show the following entries: 



