436 



EXHIBITION, BKITISH INDUSTRIAL. 



cwt., which, worked up into paper, would ex- 

 ceed 1,500,000 Ibs. So strong and durable is 

 maize paper that, if ground short, it can be used 

 as an excellent substitute for glass, so great is 

 its natural transparency and firmness. 



Printing. Plate, lithograph, and other 

 modes of printing were well illustrated. In 

 this class were exhibited specimens of printing 

 type. For good, clear-cast, and durable type 

 England has a high reputation ; but, in the dec- 

 orative parts of the art, ranks low in the culti- 

 vated judgment of her Continental neighbors. 

 None of our printers' ornaments will stand 

 comparison with those put forth in the exqui- 

 site pattern books of Paris and Vienna. 



Probably the most curious feature of this de- 

 partment was the collection of Trubner & Co., 

 of Paternoster-row, consisting of their Eussian 

 publications. From information supplied, it 

 appears that the Eussian press, the first ever 

 introduced into that country, was established 

 in 1853 ; and so signal seems to have been its 

 success that it boasts now of more than fifty 

 original works, which have exercised an enor- 

 mous influence on the development of Eussian 

 affairs. The works hitherto produced are of a 

 political, historical, literary, and theological 

 character. We remark among them the first 

 volume of a Eussian Bible, containing the com- 

 plete Pentateuch. It should be remembered 

 that the Eussian church never allowed the 

 Bible to be translated into the vernacular, and 

 all honor is, therefore, due to Mr. Trubner for 

 having been the first to do what one would 

 have thought to be the peculiar province of the 

 British and Foreign Bible Society. The books 

 are all very creditably got up, paper and print- 

 ing being very excellent, indeed, it is reported 

 that London Eussian type has become the model 

 from which modern native Eussian fonts are 

 being cast. 



Among the writing inks was Blackwood's 

 Jesoline, the color of which, being held in solu- 

 tion, never deposits, and the ink, therefore, does 

 not get thick. 



Black-lead and Colored Pencils were exhibit- 

 ed. Melville's solid Eed Ink deserves notice, so 

 also Messrs. "Wolff's Colored Crayons in cedar ; 

 and in the foreign courts were to be seen how 

 far the pencil manufacture can be carried, and 

 at what prices the pencils may be obtained. 

 Grossberger & Kurz, of Nuremberg, manufac- 

 ture pencils the full length, which they sell at 

 the very low rate of Is. Id. the gross. 



In Steel Pens English manufacturers reigned 

 supreme. 



Eeynolds & Sons, Vere-street, have contrived 

 some Playing Cards for the use of the blind ; 

 the pips being cut out and mounted on ordi- 

 nary cards, so as to stand out in relief. 



To the assemblage of choice examples of 

 color printing, Leighton Brothers, of Milford 

 house, Strand, contributed a collection of their 

 Chromatic Prints, such as are occasionally 

 given away with the numbers of the " Il- 

 lustrated London News." Of some of these 



prints as many as 280,000 copies have been 

 printed. 



In printing surfaces the Electro-Block Com- 

 pany showed their most ingenious process of 

 enlarging and reducing blocks. This, with Mr. 

 W. J. Linton's kerographic process and Mr. 

 "Wallis's new art of auto-typography, illustrated 

 one among the very many attempts to effect 

 that long-sought desideratum an effective me- 

 tallic relief produced without engraving. Brad- 

 bury & "Wilkinson exhibited minute engravings 

 for the prevention of forgeries in notes ; and 

 the exquisite specimens of the nature-printed 

 books produced by the late Henry Bradbury 

 were also shown an honor to any country. 



The specimens of lithographs and chromo- 

 lithographs shown by Day & Sons, Eowney, 

 Vincent, & Hanhart were among the finest that 

 have ever been displayed. It is difficult even for 

 the most practised eye to detect the difference 

 between some of the best specimens of these 

 and carefully finished water colors. 



Bookbinding. Leighton, Son, and Hodge's 

 work displayed most artistic skill combined 

 with some special excellences : amongst the 

 items most noteworthy, were " The Sermon on 

 the Mount," the largest block ever engraved 

 or worked in gold in one piece. The arming 

 press by which the impression was made, is 

 the most powerful in the world : it weighs up- 

 ward of ten tons. This firm was the first to 

 introduce for the ornamentation and lettering 

 of books, aluminium. 



In matters of taste and delicacy of manipu- 

 lation, the French are in advance of us ; as ex- 

 emplified in M. Engelmann's large volume 

 bound in red morocco, inlaid with dark green ; 

 and a square volume in green morocco, inlaid 

 with small dice of orange and yellow. In clasp- 

 ing, the French likewise excel. MM. Maine 

 and Son, of Tours, showed a copy of " La Tou- 

 raine," unique, and one of the most beautiful 

 vellum books in the world ; the plates are like 

 sheets of ivory ; binding, morocco, inlaid. 



Educational Works and Appliances. It was 

 judiciously intended by the Committee to 

 whom the Educational Department of the Ex- 

 hibition was intrusted that the contributions to 

 it sent by the various countries should be in 

 juxtaposition; to insure their being seen and 

 compared with greater facility. But the For- 

 eign Commissioners determined upon keeping 

 each educational collection separate ; neverthe- 

 less, we shall describe the more noteworthy 

 objects of the several collections in one group. 



The British Educational Collection was not 

 very extensive ; the books exhibited were nu- 

 merous and well chosen ; some eminent publish- 

 ers sent their most approved Educational 

 "Works. The various well-known educational 

 institutions showed what they have done in 

 providing books and requisites of a useful and 

 convenient description. There were books for 

 the blind, and untearable books for children ; 

 excellent maps, and a projection of the two 

 hemispheres, representing the globular form 



