EXHIBITION, BRITISH INDUSTRIAL. 



447 



illustrated the delicacy of finish, minute detail, 

 and brilliancy of color, ever remarkable in na- 

 tive drawings. 



The most remarkable portion of the Canadian 

 display was that of her timber, of which there 

 was a gigantic trophy in the north transept. It 

 was three stories or stages in height. Some of 

 the logs of which this trophy was formed were 

 of enormous dimensions. On one side was a 

 log of black walnut five yards in circumfer- 

 ence ; it was cut from a tree 120 feet high, the 

 first limb being 70 feet from the ground, and 

 350 years old. On the opposite side was a large 

 block of white oak, more than four yards in. 

 girth, and 330 years old. 



The collection of woods of Lower Canada 

 comprised the linden, the maples of various 

 kinds, but especially the bird's eye maple ; the 

 moose wood, and the curled maple ; the dog- 

 wood, the willow, and the birch. In commer- 

 cial value the most notable were the thirteen 

 varieties of conifera, including pine, spruce, and 

 cedar, the oaks and beeches, the hickory and 

 the maples. These woods were, however, sur- 

 passed by those of Upper Canada, the most re- 

 markable being the white oak, a plank of 

 which is four feet wide ; the black walnut, a 

 beautiful wood for cabinet furniture ; the sugar 

 and soft maples, from three to four feet in 

 width ; and the pine, one plank of which is, 

 we are told, " 12 feet long (it could have been 

 cut 50 feet long) and 50 inches wide, without a 

 knot, sawn from a tree 22 feet in circumference, 

 and 120 feet to the first limb. 



There were also shown earths and ores for 

 paints ; stones adapted for lithographers ; min- 

 eral manures, as gypsum, phosphate of lime, 

 shell marl, &c. ; trap rock for grinding stones ; 

 talco~e slate for whetstones, flagstones, and 

 marbles. 



2few Brunswick. Among the minerals were 

 specimens of the Albert coal, black and glitter- 

 ing as jet, which will burn like a candle ; and 

 from which Albertine oil is distilled in large 

 quantities. The mine is worked extensively by 

 a company in New Brunswick, who have sunk 

 one shaft to the depth of 750 feet, and are now 

 sinking another, which it is expected will be 

 ' continued to the enormous depth of 1,500 feet. 

 One ton produces from 16,000 to 18,000 cubic 

 feet of gas, or about eighty gallons of Albertine 

 or paraffine oil. Some specimens of shale found 

 a short distance from these works yield about 

 sixty gallons of oil to the ton. 



Vancouver's Island. A spar of Douglas fir, of 

 which specimens were exhibited, was brought 

 from the island ; it is 220 feet long, and now 

 reared as a flagstaff in the Horticultural So- 

 ciety's Gardens. 



Prince Edward" 1 8 Island. From this smallest 

 of the group of North American colonies were 

 sent a mowing machine ; a variety of agricul- 

 tural implements and products ; and an in- 

 genious running block, promises to create a 

 revolution in ship's rigging. 



Nova, Scotia. The zoological specimens of 



this colony were prominent in the collection : 

 a moose deer, grouse and partridges, ducks and 

 waterfowl ; fish, obtained in such large quan- 

 tities in the neighboring waters ; mackerel, sal- 

 mon, pollock, haddock, hake, and cod ; alewife 

 and Digby chicken fish. 



THE AUSTRALIAN COLONIES. Of the almost 

 unlimited natural wealth of the colonies of 

 Great Britain, displayed in the Exhibition, Aus- 

 tralia attracted the most attention ; as well 

 from the unprecedented rapidity with which her 

 resources have been developed, as from the fine 

 quality of some of the objects displayed. 



New South Wales, the parent colony of the 

 Australian group, takes the lead in pastoral in- 

 dustry. The colony owes its prominence in the 

 production of wools to the enterprise of Capt. 

 Macarthur, of Camden, who, noting the effect 

 of the natural grasses on the fleeces of ordinary 

 sheep, imported at his own expense three rams 

 and five ewes of pure Spanish breed, with 

 which he crossed all coarse-wooled sheep. The 

 result of this patriotic enterprise was that in 

 1860 the export of wool from Sydney was 12,- 

 809,362 Ibs., and its estimated value 1,123,699. 



The samples of wools, fleece and scoured, 

 were of admirable quality ; and there were 

 two or three fine Merino fleeces, one of which, 

 the produce of an imported French merino 

 lamb, weighed 7J Ibs. Mr. Ledger exhibited 

 a beautiful Sample of wool from the Alpacas, 

 which he introduced into the colony from 

 Peru with great success ; the natural grasses 

 suit them admirably, and Mr. Ledger is said to 

 be confident that they will attain to maturity at 

 an earlier age than in South America, with a 

 larger form and a heavier fleece. In a large 

 case were shown seven stuffed specimens a 

 pure lama, a pure alpaca, and five crosses be- 

 tween them. 



The finest cotton exhibited in the building 

 was to be found in the New South "Wales 

 Court, and some of the samples have been priced 

 as high as 4s. per Ib. ; a sample which attracted 

 much attention was grown 50 miles from the 

 seacoast, in south latitude 33. 



In cereals, too, the colony took a high rank. 

 The best sample was grown at Bathurst, and 

 the three samples of white wheat, which run 

 from 64 Ib. to 68 Ib. per bushel, grown at 

 Camden park, were much admired. As a flour 

 making wheat it is said to be of first rate qual- 

 ity. Maize seems to be a crop with which the 

 soil and climate of New South Wales agree 

 capitally, and some splendid cobs, both for size 

 and close packing, of the grain were shown 

 here. A sample of a most productive kind 

 yields as much as 100 bushels to the acre ; the 

 large pure yellow sorts weigh 65 Ibs. to the 

 bushel, and the smaller yellow 66 Ibs. There 

 were numerous specimens of the products of 

 the vines of New South Wales, including all 

 the varieties grown there Hungarian light 

 wines, tokay to which the muscat has a great 

 affinity Hermitage, Madeira, Bordeaux, and 

 Burgundy. Since the Paris exhibition, when 



