KXOWLES, JAMES S. 



The provisional government of Kentucky, 

 organized near the close of 1861, was forced to 

 remove with the Confederate army on the ap- 

 proach of the Federal forces under Gen. Grant. 

 It never had any other than a nominal exist- 

 ence. Persons went from Kentucky as mem- 

 bers of the Confederate Congress, and took 

 their seats in the Senate and House of Repre- 

 sentatives. (See CONGRESS, CONFEDERATE.) 



KXOWLES, JAS. SHERIDAN, a British dram- 

 atist, and subsequently a clergyman, born in 

 Cork, Ireland, in 1784, died at Torquay, Eng- 

 land, Xov. 30, 1862. He was the eldest son of 

 James Knowles, author of a " Dictionary of the 

 English language," and a lecturer on elocution, 

 and received his name in consequence of his 

 connection with the Sheridan family. At 12 

 years of age he began to evince a taste for that 

 department of literature in which he afterward 

 became so distinguished, and, it is said, com- 

 posed a play for a company of juvenile per- 

 formers, of whom he was the leader. At four- 

 teen, he wrote the ballad of the " Welsh Harp- 

 er." For several years he led an unsettled 

 life, but at 22 years of age determined to make 

 the stage his profession, and made his first ap- 

 pearance as an actor at the Crow street theatre, 

 in Dublin, afterward performing in Waterford, 

 Swansea, and various other places. In 1815, 



LANDER, FREDERICK W. 543 



his " Caius Gracchus " was produced in Belfast, 

 and met with great favor, and. eight years af- 

 terward, was well received in London. His 

 next play, " Virginius," in which Macready sus- 

 tained an important part, at Drury Lane, 

 brought him more prominently before the pub- 

 lic. His " William Tell," " Beggar of Bethnal 

 Green," "Hunchback," and " Wife," followed 

 in rapid succession. After a successful tour in 

 Europe and the United States, he produced 

 "The Love Chase," "Woman's Wit,'' "The 

 Maid of Mariendorpt," " Love." " Old Maids," 

 " John of Porcida," "The Rose of Aragon," and 

 " The Secretary." In several of these plays he 

 sustained the leading characters. He also de- 

 livered courses of lectures on elocution and kin- 

 dred subjects. Upon the failure of his health, 

 in 1849, a literary pension of 200 per annum 

 was bestowed upon him, as an acknowledg- 

 ment, by the crown, of his labors in the cause 

 of literature. A few years since, he abandoned 

 the stage for the pulpit, aud became a zealous 

 and eloquent preacher, of the Baptist denomi- 

 nation; since then he published two works on 

 subjects of polemical theology " The Rock of 

 Rome," and " The Idol Demolished by its Own 

 Priests." His dramatic works have been col- 

 lected and published in England, in three vol- 

 umes. 



LAXDER, Brig.-Gen. FREDEP.ICK WILLIAM, 

 an officer of volunteers in the United States 

 service, born in Salem, Mass., December 17, 

 1822, died at Pawpaw, Ya., March 2, 1862. 

 He was educated at the Dummer Academy, 

 Byfield, and completed his studies as engineer 

 at Partridge's Military Academy, in Norwich, 

 Tt. After practising his profession a few years 

 in Massachusetts, he was employed by the 

 Government to conduct several important sur- 

 veys, among which were two to determine the 

 practicability of a railroad route to the Pacific, 

 from the second of which, organized at his 

 own expense, he was the only one who re- 

 turned alive. In 1858 he had the command of 

 an expedition to open a wagon road to Cali- 

 fornia, across the plains. He made five ex- 

 plorations across the continent, as engineer, 

 chief engineer, or superintendent, and for his 

 celerity and efficiency was highly complimented 

 by the Secretary of the Interior, in his official 

 report. While engaged in this work his party 

 were at one time attacked by the Indians, over 

 whom they gained a complete victory, thereby 

 ensuring safe conduct to the emigrant trains 

 crossing the country. Of the appropriations 

 made by Congress in two seasons alone for the 

 construction of these roads, he brought back 

 $100,000 of unexpended funds. At the com- 

 mencement of the civil war, in 1861, he offered 

 his services to Gen. Scott, " in any capacity, at 



any time, and for any duty," and was success- 

 fully employed on several important missions in 

 the Southern States. After serving as a volun- 

 teer aid to Gen. McClellan in western Virginia, 

 and participating in the capture of Philippi and 

 the battle of Rich Mountain, he was, in July, 

 1861, commissioned brigadier-general, and as- 

 signed to an important command on the Upper 

 Potomac. During the disaster at Ball's Bluff, 

 he was at Washington arranging for the opening 

 of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. Receiving 

 the intelligence of the action, he hastened to 

 the spot, and in the skirmish which he had 

 with the enemy opposite Edwards' Ferry, was 

 wounded in the leg by a musket ball. Before 

 the wound was healed he reported for duty, 

 and was assigned the command of the forces at 

 Romney, Va. A movement on the part of Gen. 

 Jackson, threatening to outflank his troops, 

 rendered it expedient /or him to evacuate the 

 position, which he did without loss, and soon 

 after recovered it. Having discovered a Con- 

 federate camp at Bloomery Gap, he marched 

 his four thousand men a distance of forty-three 

 miles through deep snow, without rest and 

 with little sustenance, and charging upon them 

 completely routed the enemy, capturing seven- 

 teen commissioned officers and fifty privates. 

 In this brilliant dash, the Confederate com- 

 mander and his staff surrendered to Gen. Lan- 

 der, who, with a single aid, had outridden the 



