MANSFIELD, JOSEPH K. F. 



MARYLAND. 



559 



The principal institutions for education in 

 the State consist of Bowduin College at Bruns- 

 wick, and the college at Waterville, a theolo- 

 -eminary at Baniror. and a medical school 

 at Brunswick. The number of common school 

 districts making returns to the superintendent 

 was 4,151, and 360 reports of districts. The 

 average attendance at these schools is 110,969, 

 and the number between the ages of 4 and 21 

 years is 249.061. The amount of the public 

 school fund is $154,700. and the amount raised 

 by taxation for the year ending December, 

 1861, was $478,017. There are in addition 

 seminaries or academies in a large number of 

 towns. 



The geological . survey of a portion of the 

 State, which was commenced in 1861, has pro- 

 ceeded so far in the exploration and examina- 

 tion of the new lands belonging to the State, 

 as to report the discovery of gold and copper, 

 lead. tin. and iron ores, the latter of which in 

 some localities is of excellent quality ; also 

 quarries of slate and marble. The climate of 

 Aroostook county is reported by them to be 

 warmer than in some portions of the State far- 

 'tith. 



The railroads in operation and projected 

 within the State reach 592 miles. Those in 

 operation in 1860 amounted to 472 miles, at a 

 cost of construction of $16,576,385. 



The debt of the State is small, being about 

 $2,000,000. The wild lands which belong to 

 Maine are valued above this amount. 



MANSFIELD, JOSEPH KIXG FEXXO, a briga- 

 dier-general in the United States army, born in 

 New Haven, Conn., Dec. 22. 1803, was killed 

 at the battle at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862, At 

 the age of fourteen he received a cadet's ap- 

 pointment, and entered the military academy 

 at West Point, where he distinguished himself 

 in military studies, passing through every grade 

 of office in the cadet battalion, and during a 

 portion of the fourth year acted as assistant 

 professor in the department of natural philoso- 

 phy. He graduated in 1822, standing No. 2 in 

 a class of forty members, and was made a sec- 

 ond lieutenant of the corps of engineers. For 

 the next two years he was an assistant to the 

 board of engineers, then assembled in New 

 York, and engaged in planning fortifications for 

 the defence of the harbors and cities on the 

 coast. In 1832, he was promoted to be a first 

 lieutenant, and for a few years following was 

 engaged upon the construction of Fort Pulaski, 

 though in the mean time occasionally being de- 

 tached upon duty at other posts. On the 7th 

 of July, 1838, he was appointed captain. He 

 I in the Mexican war as chief engineer, 

 under Gen. Taylor, was breve tted major for 

 gallant and distinguished services in the defence 

 of Fort Brown, Texas, in 1846. and, the fol- 

 lowing September, was brevetted lieutenant- 

 colonel for crallaut and meritorious, conduct in 

 the battles of Monterey, where he received no 

 :ian seven severe wounds. In 1847, he 

 was brevetted colonel for his meritoriou- 



vices at Buena Vista. On the 26th May, 1853, 

 he was appointed an inspector-general of the 

 United States army, with the rank of colonel, 

 which position he held at the breaking out of 

 the present war. In May, 1861. he was commis- 

 sioned brigadier-general, and was placed in 

 command of the department of Washington. 

 He fortified the city on every side, crowned the 

 heights of Arlington with earthworks, and took 

 Alexandria. Upon the return of Gen. Wool to 

 Fortress Monroe, he was sent to Hatteras. M.d 

 afterward to Camp Hamilton and Newport 

 News. On the 10th of May lie marched, with 

 a division, to the attack on Norfolk, and, after 

 the capture of that place, was assigned to the 

 command of Suffolk, Va., where he acted as 

 military governor. After the second battle of 

 Bull Run, he was summoned to the court of 

 inquiry at Washington, and, during the delay, 

 becoming impatient for active duty, he was as- 

 signed to the command of the corps formerly 

 under Gen. Banks, and, at the battle of Antie- 

 tam, fell mortally wounded, while cheering on 

 his troops in a brilliant charge. 



MARYLAND, the most northeastern border 

 slave State except Delaware, increased in 

 population from 1850 to 1860 the number of 

 104,015 persons. The further details of the 

 census of 1860, relative to Maryland, will be 

 found under UMTED STATES. 



The Legislature of Maryland at its last ses- 

 sion, in 1861, ordered inquiries to be made of 

 the governor of Massachusetts relative to the 

 families of the soldiers of the latter State who 

 lost their lives at Baltimore during the riot 

 there on April 19,1861. (See AXNFAL CYCLO- 

 PAEDIA.) The inquiry was made with a view to 

 provide relief for those families. This called 

 forth the foil owing reply from the governor of 

 Massachusetts : 



COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, EXECUTIVE BE- ) 

 PAETMEST, BoSTnx -ill. f 



Hon. John V. L. Findlay, Chairman of tit Committee 

 on ^Militia of the House of Delegates 'of Maryland : 

 MY DEAR SIR : It is with feelings which I will not at- 

 tempt to express that I hare received, on this anni- 

 versary day, your letter addressed to me from Annap- 

 olis. 



I have immediately addressed the mayors of the 

 cities of Lowell and Lawrence on the subject of your 

 inquiries, and hope to be able to transmit their an- 

 swers at an early day. 



The past cannot be forgotten, but it can be forgiven; 

 and in the good providence of God, I believe that the 

 day is not distant when the blood that was shed at 

 Baltimore by those martyrs to a cause as holy as any 

 for which sword was eve'r drawn, shall be k'nown to 

 have cemented in an eternal union of sympathy, affec- 

 tion, and nationality the sister States of Maryland and 

 Massachusetts. 



With sincere respect, I have the honor to be, faith- 

 fully and respectfullv, vours, 



JOHX A. ANDREW. 



Upon receiving the information desired, at 

 the subsequent session, the Legislature appro- 

 priated seven thousand dollars for the relief 

 of the families of those who were killed and 

 wounded on that occasion. 



This appropriation was made at the regular 



